Med Term Ch 11

adenoids

lymphatic tissue in nasopharynx, phayngeal tonsils

alveolus (plural: alveoli)

air sac in lung

apex of lung

tip, uppermost point of lung

base of lung

lower portion of lung

bronchioles

smallest branches of bronchi

bronchus (plural: bronchi)

tubes that branch off trachea into lungs

carbon dioxide (CO2)

gas that is exhaled through lungs

cilia

thin hairs attached to mucous membrane epithelium lining respiratory tract

diaphragm

muscle separating chest and abdomen, contracts to pull air into lungs, relaxes to push air out

epiglottis

lid like piece of cartilage that covers larynx preventing food from entering during swallowing

expiration

breathing out (exhalation)

glottis

slit like opening to voice box (larynx)

hilum (of lung)

middle region where bronchi, blood vessels, nerves enter and exit lungs

inspiration

breathing in (inhalation)"

larynx

voice box

lobe

division of lung

mediastinum

region between lungs in chest cavity

nares

openings through nose carrying air into air passageways

oxygen (O2)

gas that passes into bloodstream at lungs and travels to all body cells

palatine tonsils

pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in oropharynx

paranasal sinus

spaces in skull near nose and nasal cavities

parietal pleura

outer fold of pleura lying closer to ribs and chest wall

pharynx

throat

pleura

double folded membrane surrounding lungs

pleural cavity

space between membranes surrounding each lung

pulmonary parenchyma

essential parts of lung, responsible for respiration, bronchioles and alveoli

respiration

process of moving air into and out of lungs, breathing

trachea

windpipe

visceral pleura

inner fold of pleura lying closer to lung tissue

adenoid/o

adenoids

alveol/o

alveolus, air sac

bronch/o

bronchial tube

bronchi/o

bronchus

bronchiol/o

bronchiole, small bronchus

capn/o

carbon dioxide

coni/o

dust

cyan/o

blue

epiglott/o

epiglottis

laryng/o

larynx, voice box

lob/o

lobe of lung

mediastin/o

mediastinum

nas/o

nose

orth/o

straight, upright

ox/o

oxygen

pector/o

chest

pharyng/o

pharynx, throat

phon/o

voice

phren/o

diaphragm

pleur/o

pleura

pneum/o

air, lung

pneumon/o

lung

pulmon/o

lung

rhin/o

nose

sinus/o

sinus cavity

spir/o

breathing

tel/o

complete

thorac/o

chest

tonsill/o

tonsils

trache/o

trachea, windpipe

-ema

condition

-osmia

smell

-pnea

breathing

-ptysis

spitting

-sphyxia

pulse

-thorax

pleural cavity, chest

percussion

delivery of sharp, short blows to surface of chest

pleural rub

scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces roughened by inflammation rubbing against each other

rale

crackling sounds heard on auscultation during inhalation

rhonchi (singular: rhonchus)

loud, rumbling sounds heard on auscultation over bronchi obstructed by sputum

sputum

material expelled from lungs or upper respiratory tract by spitting

purulent

pus containing

stridor

strained, high pitched sounds made on inspiration, caused by obstruction in pharynx or larynx

wheeze

continuous high pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing

croup

respiratory disorder caused by virus, characterized by partial obstruction of larynx with barking cough and stridor (harsh vibration noise)

diphtheria

respiratory disorder caused by bacterium (corynebacterium), associated with complete laryngeal obstruction and stridor

epistaxis (rhinorrhagia)

nosebleed

pertussis

whooping cough, highly contagious bacterial infection of larynx, pharynx, trachea

asthma

chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production

bronchiectasis

dilation of bronchial tubes

chronic bronchitis

inflammation of tubes over long time

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis

cystic fibrosis

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in respiratory tract that do not drain normally

bronchogenic carcinoma

malignant neoplasm originating in bronchus (adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma)

atelectasis

incomplete expansion of lung (collapsed lung)

emphysema

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

lung cancer

malignant tumor arising from lungs and bronchi

pneumoconiosis

abnormal condition caused by dust in lungs

pneumonia

acut inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or inflammatory products

pulmonary abscess

large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in lungs

pulmonary edema

collection of fluid in air sacs and bronchioles

pulmonary embolism (PE)

clot or other material lodged in vessels of lung

pulmonary fibrosis

formation of scar tissue in connective tissue of lungs

sarcoidosis

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, other organs

tuberculosis (TB)

infectious disease of lungs caused by bacilli

pneumothorax

collection of air in pleural cavity

mesothelioma

rare malignant tumor arising in pleura

pleural effusion

fluid that collects in pleural cavity

pleurisy (pleuritis)

inflammation of pleura

endotracheal intubation

tube placed through mouth into trachea to establish airway

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

condition that includes tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, hypoxemia in adult