Chapter 25: Protein and Amino acid metabolism

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17 Terms

1

Turnover

________ is the continual renewal or replacement of biomolecules; for protein it is defined by the balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation.

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2

Transamination

________ is the interchange of the amino group of an amino acid and the keto group of an alpha- keto acid.

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3

Oxidative deamination

________ is the conversion of an amino acid ¬NH2 group to an alpha- keto group, with removal of NH4 +.

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4

Human bodies

________ do not store nitrogen- containing compounds, and ammonia is toxic to cells.

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5

Reductive amination

________: conversion of an alpha- keto acid to an amino acid by reaction with NH4 +.

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6

Mammals

________ must first convert ammonia, in solution as ammonium ion, to nontoxic urea via the urea cycle.

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7

Incorporation of the carbon

________ atoms into compounds that can enter the citric acid cycle.

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8

Amino acid pool

________ is the entire collection of free amino acids in the body.

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9

alpha ketoglutarate

The ________ is converted to glutamate, and the amino acid is converted to an alpha- keto acid.

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10

Transamination is the interchange of the amino group of an amino acid and the keto group of an alpha

keto acid

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11

STEPS 1 AND 2 OF THE UREA CYCLE

Building Up a Reactive Intermediate The first step of the urea cycle transfers the carbamoyl group, H2NC=O, from carbamoyl phosphate to ornithine, an amino acid not found in proteins, to give citrulline, another non-protein amino acid

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12

Nonessential amino acid

one of 11 amino acids that are synthesized in the body and are therefore not necessary in the diet

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13

Essential amino acid

an amino acid that cannot be synthesized by the body and thus must be obtained from the diet

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14

Reductive amination

conversion of an alpha-keto acid to an amino acid by reaction with NH4 +

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15

amino acid pool

the entire collection of free amino acids in the body.

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16

ketogenic amino acids

Those amino acids that are converted to acetoacetyl-CoA or acetyl-CoA then enter the ketogenesis pathway and are called ketogenic amino acids.

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17

reductive amination

conversion of an alpha-keto acid to an amino acid by reaction with NH4 +.

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