Ch.5 Medterms

Pericardium

Serous membrane surrounding the heart

Pericardial fluid

Fluid between the layers of the pericardium

Epicardium

External layer of the heart

Myocardium

Middle layer of the heart consisting of cardiac muscle

Endocardium

Lining of the heart that comes in contact with blood

Coronary artery and veins

Supply blood to the myocardium

Atrium (singular)

Upper chamber of the heart

Atria (plural)

Two upper chambers of the heart

Interatrial septum

Wall separating the atria

Interventricular septum

Wall separating the ventricles

Tricuspid valve

Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Mitral valve or bicuspid valve

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

Aortic semilunar valve

Valve between the left ventricle and aorta

Sinoatrial node (natural pacemaker)

Node in the right atrium that initiates heart rhythm

Atrioventricular node

Node in the right atrium that transmits electrical impulses

Bundle of His

Bundle of modified cardiac muscle that maintains heart rhythm

Purkinje Fibers

Modified cardiac muscle fibers that conduct electrical impulses

Aorta

Great arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart

Coronary Artery

Artery that supplies blood to the heart tissues

Arterioles

Small terminal twigs of an artery that end in capillaries

Capillaries

Minute thin-walled vessels of the body

Venules

Small veins

Superior Vena Cava

Vein that brings blood back from the head and upper body to the heart

Inferior Vena Cava

Largest vein that returns blood to the heart from lower body parts

Pulse

Regular expansion of an artery caused by blood ejection from the heart

Blood Pressure

Pressure exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

Systolic Pressure

Highest arterial blood pressure after systole of the left ventricle

Diastolic Pressure

Lowest arterial blood pressure during diastole of the heart

Fibrinogen

Soluble blood protein converted to insoluble fibrin during clotting

Prothrombin

Liver-made protein used to measure blood clotting speed

Serum

Amber-colored fluid from clotted blood without clotting factors

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

Hemoglobin

Oxygen-transporting protein of erythrocytes

Reticulocytes

Immature erythrocytes

Leukocytes

White blood cells involved in body protection and immune responses

Neutrophils

Most abundant type of white blood cells

Phagocytosis

Engulfing of foreign solids by phagocytic cells

Basophils

White blood cells with purplish-black granules

Eosinophils

Granular white blood cells with eosin-staining granules

Lymphocytes

Agranular white blood cells that mature in lymphoid organs

Monocytes

Large, single-nucleus white blood cells

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Cell fragments involved in blood coagulation

Cardi/o

Heart

Vascul/o

Blood vessel

Arteri/o

Artery

Phag/o

Eat, swallow

Hemato/o or hem/o

Blood, relating to blood

Ven/o

Vein

Angi/o

Blood or lymph vessels

Aort/o

Aorta

Phleb/o

Vein

Thromb/o

Clot

End-

In, within, inside

Tachy-

Fast, rapid

-emia

Blood, blood condition

Systole

Contraction of the heart

Diastole

Relaxation of the heart

Brachial artery

artery of the upper arm

Carotid artery

artery on each side of the neck that supplies blood to the head

Femoral artery

The major artery of the thigh, supplies legs with oxygenated blood.

iliac artery

artery that carries oxygenated blood to the hip and groin area

pedal artery

artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the feet

tibial artery

artery that carries oxygenated blood to the front and back of the lower leg

temporal artery

A major artery of the head, under the skin of the forehead

vertebral artery

Supplies oxygenated blood to the spinal column and brain.

pulmonary circuit

system of blood vessels that carries blood between the heart and the lungs

systemic circuit

Circuit of blood that carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

Atrial Systole

contraction of the atria

Atrial Diastole

relaxation of the atria

Ventricular Systole

contraction of ventricles

Ventricular Diastole

relaxation of the ventricles