Science Study

Cells

The basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

Tissues

A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.

Organs

Composed of different kinds of tissues that perform a specific function.

Organ Systems

A group of organs that work together to perform a major function.

Homeostasis

A state of internal balance among all body systems needed for survival and function.

Central nervous system

Brain & Spinal Cord

Peripheral nervous system

Nerves that help control involuntary and voluntary actions.

Brain

One of the three organs that make up the nervous system.

Spinal cord

One of the three organs that make up the nervous system.

Nerves

Tissues that make up the nervous system.

Levels of Organization

The hierarchy of biological organization from cells to organisms.

Organism

A complete living entity, such as a human or a dog.

Nervous System

The system that includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Controls the muscular system and tells muscles what to do.

Endocrine System

An organ system that regulates bodily functions through hormones that are released through the bloodstream

Reflex

An involuntary movement or automatic response to stimuli.

Three Main Functions of the Nervous System

1. Receiving information 2. Responding to information 3. Maintaining homeostasis, internal balance.

Sensory Neurons

Use the senses from external stimuli to send impulse messages to brain.

Interneurons

Help your brain interpret the impulses then decide how to respond to stimuli

Motor Neurons

Impulses sent from the brain to muscles that tell muscles to do something in response to stimuli

Involuntary Movement

Action without thought, like your heart beating.

Voluntary Movement

Action with thought, like raising your hand to ask a question.

Spinal Cord

Transmits sensory and motor impulses.

Functions of the Endocrine System

Metabolism, growth & development, blood pressure, fertility, emotions and sleep cycles.

Hormones

Chemicals Released by Endocrine and Reproductive Systems

CNS and PNS Interaction

They work together to process information and control bodily functions.

Gland

Organ that produces and releases chemicals known as hormones

Hormone

Chemicals produced by a gland that control or stimulate a cell response

Metabolism

Chemical reaction to build up or break down materials

Testes

Male organ that produces sperm

Ovary

Female organ that produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone

Testosterone

Hormone that is part of the male reproductive system

Estrogen

Hormone that is part of the female reproductive system

Bone

Organ that is made up of multiple tissues and forms the skeleton

Skeleton

Organ system that is the framework of bone and connective tissue supporting or containing the body

Joint

A point where two or more bones come together

Marrow

Soft, spongy tissue found at the center of bones. Site where red blood cells are produced.

Support the body

Function of the skeletal & muscular system

Give the body shape

Function of the skeletal system

Protect the body

Function of the skeletal & muscular system

Generate heat

Function of the muscular system

Circulate blood

Function of the muscular system

Movement

Function of both the skeletal and muscular systems

Produce red blood cells

Function of the skeletal system

Store minerals

Function of the skeletal system

Three types of muscles

Cardiac, Smooth, and Skeletal