AP U.S. History Unit 4 Vocabulary

Flashcards covering the key vocabulary of Unit 4 of the AP U.S. History Curriculum

1800 to 1848

Time period covered in Unit 4 of AP U.S. History.

Main themes of Unit 4

Expanding role of the United States in world affairs, transformation of society and economy, and Americans coming to terms with growing democratic impulses.

Debates between Democratic-Republicans and Federalists

Debates continued into this period, focusing on American relations with foreign powers and the scope of federal power.

Barbary Pirates

Group that Americans had troubles with during this time.

Morally opposed

Jefferson's position on paying bribes in order to engage in trade.

Strict constructionist

View championing restriction of federal power.

Strict constructionist view

Belief that the federal government was limited to what was explicitly written in the Constitution.

Loose constructionists

Belief that the federal government had more flexibility regardless of what was written in the Constitution.

James Monroe

Sent to France to secure navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

Haiti was lost

Napoleon's justification for selling the Louisiana Territory.

Removal of Indians, cutting off European influence, and furthering his agrarian dream

Jefferson's justification for the Louisiana Purchase.

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

Leaders of the Corps of Discovery.

Zebulon Pike

Explored and mapped the southern part of the Louisiana Territory in 1806.

John Marshall

Chief Justice responsible for expansion of federal power through Supreme Court decisions.

Marbury v. Madison

Supreme Court case in 1803 establishing judicial review.

Judicial review

Power of the Supreme Court to be the final interpreter of the Constitution.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court case in 1819 establishing that federal law trumps state law.

War of 1812

First proper war since the Revolutionary War.

Seizing of American merchant ships, Indian problems, and British impressment

Reasons for the War of 1812.

Federalists

Political party that opposed the War of 1812.

Hartford Convention

Meeting in 1814 where Federalists discussed seceding from the Union.

Era of Good Feelings

Era of supposed national unity under the Democratic-Republican Party.

Henry Clay's American System

Economic prescription with interdependent policies to unify the American economy.

Federally funded internal improvements

Economic provision that was vetoed by President Madison.

Talmadge Amendment

Amendment attached to Missouri's application for statehood prohibiting slavery.

Compromise of 1820/Missouri Compromise

Compromise that brought in Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

36-30 line

Line separating slave territory from free territory.

James Monroe

President who sent John Quincy Adams to London to settle territorial claims.

Treaties negotiated by John Quincy Adams

Treaty establishing the U.S.-Canadian border and joint occupation of the Oregon Territory.

Adams-Onís Treaty

Treaty in 1819 where Spain sold Florida to the United States and established the southern border.

Monroe Doctrine of 1823

Doctrine proclaiming American dominance in the Western Hemisphere.

Market Revolution

Linking of northern industries with western and southern farms.

Cotton gin and the spinning machine

Revolutionized southern agriculture and northern industry.

Interchangeable parts

Basis for the American system of manufacturing.

American system of manufacturing

New process of production involving water-powered machines, division of labor, and mass production.

Steamboats

Transformed trade by enabling trading vessels to navigate upriver and downriver.

Canal

Waterway made by humans.

Railroads

Began to replace canals as the sine qua non of transportation for trade.

Growing class of laboring poor in tenements

Result of the influx of immigrants in the industrial cities.

Cult of domesticity

Societal norm expecting women's identity to revolve around childbearing and making the home a haven.

Voting

Prerogative of the elite during this time.

Panic of 1819

First major recession in United States history.

Election of 1824

Led to a split in the Democratic-Republican Party.

National Republicans and Democrats

Factions that nominated Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and Henry Clay.

Corrupt bargain

Term referring to the claim of Adams and Clay's questionable alliance that deprived Jackson of the presidency seat.

Tariff of 1828

Tariff the southerners referred to as the Tariff of Abominations.

Doctrine of nullification

Doctrine developed by John C. Calhoun that the states can nullify federal laws.

Force Bill

Gave Jackson the authority to use federal troops to enforce federal law in South Carolina.

Andrew Jackson

Believed that a national bank favored the elite over ordinary citizens.

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of the Cherokee in 1838.