5.3 Industrialization Begins

Access to Foreign Resources

Ability of a nation to obtain raw materials and technologies from outside its borders, crucial for economic growth during industrialization.

Assembly Line

Manufacturing process where individual parts of a product are assembled sequentially, allowing for mass production and increased efficiency.

Britain

Island nation that became a global powerhouse during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Capitalism

Economic system characterized by private ownership of production and the creation of goods for profit in a competitive market.

Coal

Combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock used extensively as fuel during the Industrial Revolution.

Cotton Gin

Mechanical device invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 that quickly separates cotton fibers from seeds, revolutionizing the cotton industry.

Crop Rotation

Agricultural practice of alternating crops to improve soil fertility and optimize nutrient use.

Enclosure Act

Laws passed in England that consolidated small landholdings into larger farms, increasing agricultural productivity.

Factory System

Method of manufacturing that centralized production in large factories, replacing traditional production methods.

France

Country in Western Europe, significant in global events and known for its role in industrialization.

Geographic Distribution of Natural Resources

Spread of natural resources like coal and iron across regions, impacting economic development.

Germany

Central European nation that became unified in 1871, influential in global events and industrial growth.

Improved Agricultural Activity

Advancements in farming that increased productivity and supported urbanization during industrialization.

Industrial Revolution

Transformative period beginning in the late 18th century marked by the shift from agrarian economies to industrialized ones.

Iron and Coal

Crucial resources for industrialization; iron for machinery and coal for powering steam engines.

Legal Protection of Private Property

Laws safeguarding individual rights to own, use, and transfer property, essential for economic investment.

Middle Class

Social group emerging during the Industrial Revolution, characterized by economic stability and influence.

Potato

Starchy tuber that became a staple food crop, contributing to population growth during industrialization.

Power Loom

Mechanized loom enabling mass production of woven fabric, significantly increasing efficiency in textile manufacturing.

Proximity to Waterways

Geographical closeness to rivers or lakes that impacts transportation and trade, crucial for industrial growth.

Seed Drill

Agricultural invention that allows for efficient planting of seeds in rows at the correct depth.

Specialization of Labor

Process where individuals focus on specific tasks in production, leading to increased efficiency and productivity.

Steam Engine

Heat engine converting thermal energy from steam into mechanical work, crucial for powering factories and transportation.

Steam Power

Energy generated by steam, significantly transforming industries and economies during the Industrial Revolution.

Textile Industry

Industry involved in production of fabrics, a key driver of economic growth during the Industrial Revolution.

United States

Federal republic established in 1776, influential in global politics and industrialization.

Urbanization

Process of increasing population in urban areas, often due to industrialization.