1.4 Biomed

What are some examples of microbes being used in food products?

Pickles, sausage and bread

How are microbes used in dairy products?

Enzymes curled milk, turning it into cheese and whey; bacteria ferments milk sugars turning it into yogurt

How do microbes break down organic waste?

Enzymes decompose waste turning it into smaller compounds

How are microbes used in healthcare?

Program microbes to make medicine, genetic engineering lets scientists insert human genes into bacteria

What are pathogens?

Disease causing agents

What is anabolism?

Building part of metabolism

What is catabolism?

Breaking part of metabolism

Where does metabolism happen in bacteria?

Mitochondria, and cytoplasm

What is fermentation?

Chemical breakdown of substances by microorganisms

What are the end products of fermentation?

Sour flavor and Carbon Dioxide

What is glucose?

Cell’s fuel

What is oxidation?

When something gains oxygen

What is reduction?

Thing that makes it smell bad

What happens when glucose is oxidized?

ATP is created

What is glycolysis?

Splits glucose into pyruvate

What happens to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen?

Krebs Cycle

What does fermentation begin with?

Glycolysis

What is lactic acid fermentation?

Lactobacilli break down

What is alcoholic fermentation?

Yeast break down

Why is fermentation important?

Preserves food and enhances taste

What is milk rich in?

Proteins, sugars, fats and minerals

What pathogens can be found in milk?

E.coli, salmonella, campylobacter, S.aureus, Protozoan

What is pasteurization?

Heat up milk to kill bacteria, but still preserve taste

What temperature should raw milk be stored at?

4C or below

How is milk heated during the pasteurization process?

Heated to 72C for ~15sec then cooled rapidly, both through steel plates