3. Chromosomal Behavior and Linkage

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7 Terms

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Meiosis

A type of cell division that produces four haploid cells from one diploid cell, leading to genetic variation through crossing over and independent assortment.

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Crossing over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.

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Recombinant genotype

A genotype resulting from the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, producing offspring with new trait combinations.

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Recombination rate

The frequency at which recombination occurs between two genetic markers, used to infer genetic distance.

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Genetic distance

A measure of how often recombination occurs between two loci, typically measured in centimorgans.

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Linkage map

A diagram showing the relative positions of genes on a chromosome based on recombination frequencies.

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Genetic map

A representation of the order and distance between genes on a chromosome.