State 1 EMT Student Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the State 1 Student Study Guide covering mandated reporting, patient positions, organ anatomy, protocols, spine structure, and EMT treatments.

Mandated reporting guidelines

Requirements for EMTs to report elder abuse, child abuse, neglect, certain communicable diseases, animal bites, domestic violence, stabbing and gunshot wounds, and sexual assault.

Signs of diabetic patients

Excessive thirst, Excessive hunger, Excessive urination, Rapid or deep breathing, Confusion, Irritability, Combativeness.

Symptoms of diabetic patients

Low or abnormally high blood sugar, Tachycardia, rapid or weak pulse, normal to shallow breathing.

Hypoglycemic

Abnormally low blood glucose level. It will result in a loss of consciousness and can quickly cause brain damage or death, making it far more critical than Hyperglycemia.

Hyperglycemic

High blood glucose level.

Fowler position

Patient sitting up at a $45 - 90$ degree angle; used to improve patient breathing.

Supine position

Patient flat on back; used for patients in shock or during cpr.

Prone position

Patient on stomach; used for improving O2 in certain respiratory conditions.

Trendelenburg position

Patient lying flat with legs elevated; used for hypotension or shock to improve blood flow to vital organs.

Recovery position

Patient on side; used to prevent aspiration in unconscious patients who are breathing and have no spinal injuries.

Lithotomy position

Patient on back with feet in stirrups; used for childbirth or gynecologic exam.

Signs of an allergic reaction

Intense itching, feeling hot or flushed, shortness of breath, troubling swallow, tight chest.

Symptoms of an allergic reaction

Hives, swelling, wheezing, stridor, repetitive sneezing or coughing, hypotension, tachycardia.

Primary allergens

Food, medications, insect stings, and chemicals.

Body's physical response to asthma

Acute spasm of the bronchioles accompanied by excessive mucus production and swelling.

Advance directives

Provides clear instructions on what medical intervention a patient does or does not want in the event they are unable to communicate during an emergency.

RUQ (Right Upper Quadrant)

Abdominal quadrant containing Liver, Gallbladder, duodenum, head of the pancreas, right kidney, and part of the colon.

LUQ (Left Upper Quadrant)

Abdominal quadrant containing Stomach, spleen, jejunum, left lobe of the liver, body of the pancreas, left kidney, and parts of the colon.

RLQ (Right Lower Quadrant)

Abdominal quadrant containing Cecum (a pouch-like structure that forms the first, beginning part of the large intestine), ileum, Appendix.

LLQ (Left Lower Quadrant)

Abdominal quadrant containing Sigmoid colon, ileum, Descending colon.

Retroperitoneal organs

Organs located behind the peritoneum, specifically the Kidney and pancreas.

Gallbladder

Organ that collects bile from liver and discharges it into the duodenum through common bile duct.

Liver

Organ that produces bile, stores glucose for immediate use of the body, and produces many substances to help regulate the immune responses.

Spleen

Lymphatic organ that filters and digests aged/degraded red blood cells from bloodstream.

Pancreas

Major source of digestive enzymes that produces the hormone insulin.

Kidney

Organ that regulates the bodies salt and water content.

Bones of the pelvis

Lilac crest, ilium, sacrum, pubis, pubic, acetabulum.

Types of protocols

Standing orders, Preexposure, Postexposure, Advanced Directives.

Purpose of EMT protocols

Guide EMTs to provide consistent and safe care by outlining standardized procedures for various medical situations.

Signs of a patent airway

When a patient can speak clearly, and exhibits normal/quiet lung sounds.

Structures of the spine

Cervical spine C1-7, Thoracic spine 12, Lumbar spine 5, Sacrum spine 5 fused together, Coccyx last 4.

Treatment for partially obstructed airway

Use Oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal to help assist breathing if the patient is unconscious; use the heimlich maneuver if conscious.

Proper treatment of a nosebleed

Take standard precautions; help patient to body and head leaning forward; apply direct pressure for 10-15 minutes by pinching the fleshy part of the nostrils together; keep patient calm and quiet; apply ice over nose; maintain pressure until bleeding is completely controlled (usually no more than 15 min); provide prompt transport; assess patient for signs and symptoms of shock.