APHG - Chapter 8 Vocabulary

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State

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46 Terms

1

State

a defined territory with a population and sovereign government

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2

Microstate

a very small territory with a population and sovereign government

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3

Sovereignty

absolute control over domestic and foreign affairs

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4

Nation State

state whose territory corresponds to an ethnicity (homogeneity)

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5

Multistate Nation

a nation that includes one ethnic group that has been split between two or more states.

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6

Multinational State

a state that contains an ethnic group with the desire of self determination (self rule)

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7

Stateless Nation

an ethnic group or nation that does not have its own sovereign state

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8

Multiethnic State

a state that contains more than one ethnicity

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9

Fertile Crescent

a crescent shaped region of the Middle East that was particularly fertile several thousand years ago

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10

City State

a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate surrounding countryside

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11

Self Determination

the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and governments

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12

Devolution

the process of moving powers from a central government to smaller governments, such as regional, state, or local

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13

Colony

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent

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14

Colonialism

The effort by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic and cultural principles on such territory

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15

Cultural Boundaries

the border between two different ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups.

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16

Physical Boundary

A boundary based on the geographical features of the Earth's surface

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17

Geometric Boundary

Political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines

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18

Subsequent Boundary

a boundary that is drawn where people have settled

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19

Consequent Boundary

a boundary between opposing cultural, ethnic, or political groups, that was established to settle disputes, end wars, and establish a clear separation between groups

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20

SuperImposed Boundary

political boundaries that kept colonial shapes after decolonization

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21

Antecedent Boundary

the name of a boundary between two states that is created before the area is populated

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22

Relic Boundary

a boundary that no longer exists

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23

Frontier

A zone of territory where no state has governing authority

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24

Law of the Seas

each coastal nation has territorial sovereignty over 12 miles of water off their coast and maintains economic rights over 200 miles of water off their coast

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25

Elongated State

A state whose territory is long and narrow in shape

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26

Prorupted State

a state that exhibits a narrow, elongated land extension leading away from the main territory

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27

Perforated State

A state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state

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28

Fragmented State

A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory

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29

Landlocked State

A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea

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30

Democracy

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

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31

Autocracy

a country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people

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32

Anocracy

A system of government where elements of democracy and autocracy are employed

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33

Democratization

the process of establishing representative and accountable forms of government led by popularly elected officials

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34

Gerrymandering

Process of re-drawing political voting districts to favor one political party

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35

Wasted Vote

Spreads the opposition supporters across many districts

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36

Excess Vote

Type of gerrymandering that concentrates opposition supporters into a few districts

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37

Stacked Vote

Links liked-minded, distant voters with oddly-drawn boundaries

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38

United Nations

an international organization that was founded in 1945 with the goal of promoting international cooperation and resolving conflicts between states

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39

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, with a purpose to unify and strengthen the Western Allies' military response to a possible invasion of western Europe by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies.

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40

Warsaw Pact

an alliance founded in 1955 between Eastern European countries to serve as a military and political unit of contiguous communist nations.

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41

European Union

Economic alliance of major Western European nations that coordinate trade, immigration and labor policies, making its members one economic unit

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42

COMECON

(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) the supranational organization created in 1949 by members of the Warsaw Pact for trade and the sharing of natural resource

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43

Terrorism

the systematic use of violence by a group in order to intimidate a population or co-erce a government into granting its demands

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44

Shatterbelts

regions of cultural diversity and political instability with weak states, local rivalries, geostrategic importance, vital natural resources, and international interference

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45

Chokepoints

geographic locations where the flow of people and goods can be constricted and choked off in the event of a conflict

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46

Neocolonialism

continued economic dependence of colonies on their former occupiers

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