1413 Exam One

How does smoking effect blood pressure?

BP rises. Returns to baseline about 15-20 mins after stopping smoking.

How does caffeine effect BP?

Increases for up to 3 hours.

How do you assess skin turgor?

Grasp a fold of skin on the sternal area.

Cherry angiomas

Ruby red papules

Senile keratosis

Thickening of skin

S4

Occurs when the atria contract to enhance ventricular filling. Often heard in healthy older adults, children, and athletes, but it is not normal in adults.

S3

Heard when the heart attempts to fill an already distended ventricle. Considered abnormal in adults over 31 years of age but can often be heard normally in children and young adults.

Bell of stethoscope

Best for hearing low-pitched sounds such as vascular (bruits) and certain heart sounds (low-pitched murmurs.

Diaphragm of stethoscope

Best for listening to high-pitched sounds such as bowel and lung sounds and high-pitch murmurs.

Normal pulse strength

2. 3 and up indicates a full or increased pulse

What should a nurse do when getting a high temp reading?

Wait 30 minutes and recheck.

When is a fever considered unsafe?

102.2 F

Pack-years

Number of years smoking x number of packs per day

False-high diastolic BP

Slow inflation of BP cuff

False low BP

Cuff too big

False-high systolic BP

Quick and repetitive measurements

Older adult temp

On the lower end of normal

Normal adult pulse pressure

30-50mmHg

How to calculate pulse pressure

SBP-DBP

When does the respiratory system mature?

Age 20

When does the respiratory system start to decline?

25 years

Newborn RR

30-60bpm

Kussmaul respirations

Abnormally deep, increased RR. Associated with metabolic acidosis

Biot respirations

Shallow, irregular periods of apnea

Cheyn-stokes

Irregular rate and depth of respirations. Periods of apnea and hyperventilation.

Processes of respiration

Diffusion, perfusion, and ventilation

Diffusion

Movement of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and RBCs

Perfusion

Distribution of RBCs to and from pulmonary capillaries

Ventilation

Movement of gases in and out of lungs