PT - exam 2 study guide ch10

Q: A client’s 1RM increased from 100 lb to 120 lb. What is their percent improvement?

A:
(120 − 100) ÷ 100 × 100 = 20% increase in 1RM.

Q: What is the correct testing order for general fitness assessments and why?

A:
1⃣ Resting measures (blood pressure, HR)
2⃣ Balance/stability
3⃣ Max strength (1RM)
4⃣ Muscular endurance (YMCA bench)
5⃣ Aerobic capacity (submax test)
👉 To avoid fatigue affecting later test results.

Q: What is the overall purpose of fitness assessments? When should they be done?

A: ✅ To establish a baseline of fitness, identify strengths and weaknesses, guide exercise programming, and track progress. Assessments should be done at the start of a program and periodically throughout training.

Q: Which of the following would be a summative evaluation of an assessment?
a. A client completes a 1-mile run for time.
b. A new client, who has never lifted before, completes a muscular endurance test of max number of body weight squats within 1 minute.
c. A training client completes a 1RM bench press at the beginning of a training program.
d. At the end of a training program, a client completes a 1RM back squat to determine improvements and effectiveness of the program.

A: ✅ d. At the end of a training program, a client completes a 1RM back squat to determine improvements and effectiveness of the program.

Q: Fitness assessments are useful at the beginning of a program and can also be used to track long-term progress.
a. True
b. False

A: ✅ a. True

Q: The environment that physiological tests are performed within will affect its validity and reliability. (Example: An athlete travels from a very warm dry climate (Arizona) to a colder climate at a higher altitude (Colorado) to compete in a marathon.)
a. True
b. False

A: ✅ a. True

Q: What type of validity is it when VO₂max test variables are used to classify training status (trained vs. untrained)?
a. Face validity
b. Content validity
c. Construct validity
d. Criterion-related validity

A: ✅ c. Construct validity

Q: A personal trainer can demonstrate high reliability in testing even if the results are not accurate.
a. True
b. False

A: ✅ a. True

Q: When measuring a client with a piece of equipment (i.e. skinfold calipers), there is always some inherent difference between the "true" score and what you actually measured with your equipment. This is referred to as __________________.

A: ✅ Measurement error

Q: _______ and ________ should be measured before starting an exercise test and have shown to be affected by factors such as drug/food ingestion, temperature, stress, body position, and time of day.
a. Blood glucose and blood pressure
b. Heart rate and blood pressure
c. Heart rate and body temperature
d. Heart rate and blood glucose

A: ✅ b. Heart rate and blood pressure

Q: Which sequence of testing is recommended of the below assessments that would provide the most optimal results during assessment of GENERAL fitness?
a. Balance testing
b. YMCA bench press test
c. 1RM testing
d. Blood pressure
e. Submaximal aerobic test

A: ✅ d → a → c → b → e
(Measure resting values first, then balance and strength, followed by endurance and aerobic tests.)

Fitness Assessment Concepts (Review Summary)

Key Concepts to Remember:

• Validity: Measures what the test claims to measure.

• Reliability: Consistency and reproducibility of results.

• Summative Evaluation: Conducted at the end of a program to measure improvement.

• Formative Evaluation: Conducted during a program to monitor progress.

• Measurement Error: Difference between the true value and the observed value.

• Testing Order: Resting measures → balance → strength → endurance → aerobic capacity.