Evolution and Taxonomy (poole)

Divergent evolution (homologous)

similar origin moving into new areas, perhaps because of overcrowding

Convergent Evolution (analogous)

evolve in a similar way because of similar environment

Adaptive radiation

Moving away from ‘hub’ when a population becomes overcrowded and they become adapted to a new environment

Camouflage

enables an organism to blend in within its environment

mimicry

protects an organism by copying the appearance of another species

halophiles

lives in very salty environments, great lakes

methanogens

uses methane gas to live, doesn’t cause disease

thermoacidophiles

lives in very hot environments

Yeast

only unicellular fungus

Nictating membrane

‘3rd eyelid’, pink tissue in corner of eye

Punctuated equilibrium

when evolution occurs over a long period of time of stability which is then interrupted by geologically brief periods of change

Vestigial structures

remnants of structures that no longer function

Stabilizing selection

favors the average individual in a population

saprophytes

absorption of food to get nourishment

pampas

grasslands of Argentina

finches

small birds, all slightly different per island

H.M.S Beagle

5 year voyage to discover new species around the world, 12.27.1831

Binomial Nomenclature

how to write a scientific name

Darwin’s ideas

species evolve through natural selection, with common ancestry, variation within species, competition for resources, gradual changes, sexual selection, adaptation to the environment, and geographic isolation leading to the formation of new species.

adaptation

a change that causes an organism to be better suited for their environment

mutation

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

Artificial selection

man “arranges” for organisms to reproduce

Natural variations

the way individuals in a species are different from each other, like in size or color, due to their genes and surroundings

Endosphere

waxy coating on bacteria

Kaibab squirrel

farside of Grand Canyon

Archeopteryx

earliest bird fossil, showing definite reptile characteristics

eohippus

earliest horse fossil

coelacanth

lobe-finned fish thought to have been extinct until one is found off the coast of africa

Taxonomy

the study/science of classifying organisms

taxons

each grouping

natural selection

what happens in nature, survivor of the fittest

evolution

how organisms change over time

Monera

first three kingdoms of unicellular organisms

Fossil

evidence of previous generations

Kelp

multicellular protista

Armadillo details

identical quadruplets, carrier of leprosy

Taxons and their order

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Scientific name and why latin?

Genus species, unchanging dead language

The six kingdoms

Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, or Animalia

Fossils formed in sedemenatry rock

provide insight into what organisms evolved from

First life form on earth

prokaryotes

Darwin’s finches on the Galapagos Islands

all a bit different depending on where they live

Germ mutation

may be passed on

Somatic mutation

only on the person who had

Nitrogen and Oxygen percentages

78% and 21%

Fastest way to bring about a new species

to isolate them

Nitrogen fixation

Lightning, superheats atmosphere, Nitrogen gas becomes Nitrogen Acid into the soil, denitrifying bacteria changes it into Nitrates, plants use directly

Common descent

all living things are related and share a common ancestor from which they all evolved.

Charles Darwin (2-12-1809)

father of evolution, theology, younger son of physician, made 10 rules for evolution

Charles Lyell

geology professor who is friends with Darwin

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

first to think how things change, theory of use and disuse, theory of acquired characteristics, theory of need

Carolus Linnaeus

made the system of Binomial nomenclature

Thomas Malthus

mathematician, concerned about over-population

Josiah wedgewood

Darwin’s grandfather, founded the China Company, thought it was a good idea for darwin to go on voyage