CVD WK8 Lipid transport, dyslipidemia & lipid lowering agent
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/46
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai | Chat |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
47 Terms
What are the five classes of lipoproteins?
Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL
Which lipoprotein contains ApoB48?
Chylomicrons
Which lipoproteins contain ApoB100?
VLDL, IDL, LDL
Which lipoprotein contains ApoA1?
HDL
What is the function of ApoB48?
Essential for intestinal absorption of dietary lipids
What is the function of ApoB100?
Main ligand for LDL receptor
What is the function of ApoA1?
Promotes cholesterol efflux (reverse cholesterol transport)
What is the function of ApoE?
Mediates uptake of chylomicron remnants into the liver
What is the hydrophobic core of lipoproteins made of?
Triglycerides and cholesteryl esters
What is the hydrophilic coat of lipoproteins made of?
Phospholipids, free cholesterol, apoproteins
What is the function of lipoprotein lipase?
Hydrolyses triglycerides → glycerol + free fatty acids
What is the function of LCAT?
Esterifies cholesterol in HDL
What is the function of CETP?
Transfers cholesteryl esters from HDL to VLDL/LDL
What is reverse cholesterol transport?
HDL returning cholesterol from tissues to the liver
What is the target of statins?
HMG-CoA reductase
What is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis?
HMG-CoA reductase
What is the mechanism of statins?
Competitive inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase → ↓ LDL
What is the effect of statins on LDL receptors?
Increase them
Which statins are long-lasting?
Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin
Which statin is a prodrug?
Simvastatin
How are statins metabolised?
CYP450 and glucuronidation
What is the target of fibrates?
PPARα
What is the main effect of fibrates?
↓ Triglycerides
What is the mechanism of ezetimibe?
Blocks NPC1L1 → ↓ cholesterol absorption
How much does ezetimibe lower LDL?
17%
What is the function of PCSK9?
Binds to LDL receptors and promotes their degradation
What is the mechanism of PCSK9 inhibitors?
Block PCSK9 → ↑ LDL receptors → ↓ LDL
What type of drug are PCSK9 inhibitors?
Monoclonal antibodies
What type of drug is inclisiran?
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)
What is the mechanism of inclisiran?
Gene silencing - inhibits translation of PCSK9 mRNA
What are the signs of hyperlipidaemia?
Xanthomas, xanthelasma, corneal arcus, tendon xanthomas
What is the classic sign of FH?
Tendon xanthomas (especially Achilles tendon)
What percentage of dyslipidaemia is primary?
60%
What percentage of dyslipidaemia is secondary?
40%
What drugs cause secondary dyslipidaemia?
Thiazide diuretics, glucocorticoids
What diseases cause secondary dyslipidaemia?
Diabetes, liver disease
What is the prevalence of heterozygous FH?
1 in 250
What mutations cause FH?
LDLR, APOB, PCSK9
What is the cholesterol level in heterozygous FH?
~8 mmol/L
What is the cholesterol level in homozygous FH?
20 mmol/L
What is the effect of statins on CV events?
Reduce CV events and mortality
What is the effect of statins on inflammation?
Anti-inflammatory effects
What is the risk of statins?
Increased risk of Type 2 diabetes (lipophilic statins)
What is the treatment for high triglycerides (>10 mmol/L)?
Fibrates
What is the role of NPC1L1?
Mediates cholesterol absorption in the intestine
What is the role of ACAT?
Intracellular synthesis of cholesteryl ester
What is the role of PLTP?
Transfer of cholesterol and TG between lipoproteins