Classification

All organisms are related through their evolutionary history

Definition of hierarchy

Smaller groups placed within larger groups with no overlap

Definition of a taxon

Any group within a system of classification

Why is classification tentative?

It is always changing as knowledge advances

What is classification system based on?

Evolutionary relationships

Definition of species

Group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

Why is classification useful?

Helps to determine relationships & increase knowledge of species

What is the order of classification?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What is in the domain Eubacteria?

prokaryotes, true bacteria

Characteristics of fungi

eukaryotic, heterotrophic, chitin cell wall

Characteristics of animalia

eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, has nervous coordination

Characteristics of protoctista

Eukaryotic, single or multicellular, autotrophic

Characteristics of plantae

eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, photosynthetic

Characteristics of prokaryota

Single cellular, microscopic, peptidoglycan cell wall

What is in the domain archea?

Prokaryotes with unusual metabolism

What is in the domain eukaryota?

protists, fungi, plants, animals

What is divergent evolution?

Two or more distinct species share a common ancestor from which they diverged.

What is covergant evolution?

The development of similar features in unrelated organisms over long periods of time. Adapted from environmental pressures.

Homologous definition

Similar structure with a differing function from a common ancestor

Analogus definition

Different structure with similar function not from a common ancestor

Why are DNA sequences important in classification?

Species undergo changes in their DNA due to evolution, eventually organisms become so different they're considered different species.

More similar DNA sequences of two species means...

They're more closely related.

Describe the process of DNA hybridisation.

DNA is cut into fragments using an enzyme. DNA is mixed. The bases hybridise where they are more complementary.

How does DNA hybridisation show relation?

The more complementary bases there are, the more they bind together, therefore, the more they bind together, the more closely related the organisms are to eachother.

How does immunology work?

Mix antigens of one species with antibodies of another. Antigens and antibodies make a precipitate.

How does immunology show relation?

The closer the evolutionary relationship, the more the antigen and the antibody react and make more precipitate.