Independent Assortment and Gene Linkage

The relationship between genes & chromosomes

Independent Assortment

the multiple genes being transmitted are not physically connected to each other (on different chromosomes)

Genetic Linkage

tendency towards co-transmission of multiple genes because they are on the same chromosome

Frequency of outcomes is determined by ___.

the physical distance between the genes

Genes located on different chromosomes assort ___.

independently

Forked-line Method

method where multiple independent genes' combinations branch out; used to find genotype frequencies

Linked genes ___.

fail to assort independently

Independent Assortment

unlinked genes assort independently during meiosis

Gene Linkage

linked genes inherit together during meiosis

Unlinked Genes

genes are on separate chromosomes; NR = R

Linked Genes

genes are on same chromosome; NR > R

Recombination Frequency (RF)

RF = #recombinants/#total x 100%

Higher RF -> ___ distance between alleles.

longer

Transmission patterns associated with multiple genes inform us about their ___.

relative positions

Recombinant (R)

allows new allele combinations; crossing-over

Non-recombinant (NR)

keeps original allele combination; no new variations