SPHY102 Anatomy and Physiology for Speech Pathology - Nervous System

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the fundamental components of the nervous system, glial cell types, and the classifications and functions of the 12 cranial nerves as discussed in Dr. Zachary Conway's lecture.

Neuron

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system and its fundamental basis.

Glial cells

Non-neuronal cells that provide service for the neurons, such as nourishment, support, and protection.

Astrocytes

CNS glial cells responsible for the blood brain barrier.

Oligodendrocytes

CNS glial cells that produce the myelin sheath.

Ependymal cells

CNS glial cells involved in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and brain metabolism.

Microglia

CNS glial cells that respond to infection and inflammation.

Schwann cells

PNS glial cells that produce the myelin sheath.

Satellite cells

PNS glial cells associated with the Somatic Nervous System (SNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

Enteric glial cells

PNS glial cells located in the gut.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain (Cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem) and the spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the nervous system consisting of the Autonomic NS (Parasympathetic and Sympathetic) and the Somatic NS (e.g., Cranial nerves).

Sympathetic Nervous System

A branch of the Autonomic Nervous System associated with the "Fight or flight" response.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A branch of the Autonomic Nervous System associated with "Rest and relax" functions.

Brainstem

The part of the CNS composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla.

Efferent fibres

Motor fibres that carry signals from the CNS to the PNS to effect muscles.

Afferent fibres

Sensory fibres that carry signals from the PNS to the CNS (e.g., touch or taste).

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

Sensory fibres relating to touch, pressure, and pain from the face, mucous membranes, and body wall.

General Visceral Afferent (GVA)

Sensory fibres that carry information from the internal organs.

General Visceral Efferent (GVE)

Motor fibres that control glands or organs (e.g., tears and saliva).

CN I: Olfactory

A purely afferent cranial nerve.

CN II: Optic

A purely afferent cranial nerve.

CN III: Oculomotor

A purely efferent cranial nerve.

CN IV: Trochlear

A purely efferent cranial nerve.

CN V: Trigeminal

A mixed nerve with three branches (Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular) providing GSA for the face and GSE for muscles of mastication.

CN VI: Abducens

A purely efferent cranial nerve.

CN VII: Facial

A mixed nerve (MacDonalds Nerve) providing GSE for facial expression, GVE for glands, and SVA for taste on the anterior $2/3^{rd}$ of the tongue.

CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear

A purely sensory nerve combining balance (vestibular) from semicircular canals and hearing (cochlear).

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal

A mixed nerve providing SVA for taste on the posterior $1/3^{rd}$ of the tongue, GSE for pharynx elevation, and GVE for the parotid saliva gland.

CN X: Vagus

A mixed nerve providing GSE for swallowing and voice (larynx), and GVA/GVE fibres to the organs of the thorax and abdomen.

CN XI: Accessory

A motor nerve (GSE) that supplies some neck muscles.

CN XII: Hypoglossal

A motor nerve (GSE) supplying the intrinsic and majority of extrinsic muscles of the tongue.