Reading quizzes Neurogenic Speech Disorders

Duffy (2019) makes no secret of his point of view regarding the importance of perceptual assessment in motor speech disorders. Which of the following of the statements below is consistent with his perspective: A major way that we judge the functional outcomes of therapy for motor speech disorders is looking at changes in the perceptual ratings of intelligibility, comprehensibility, and efficiency of speech.

Auditory-perceptual assessment is worthless in the evaluation of individuals with MSDs.

We judge the functional outcomes of therapy for motor speech disorders mainly on how different the acoustic data are from start to finish of therapy.

The only way to diagnose a motor speech disorder is through neurological imaging (e.g., MRI) to identify lesion localization.

A major way that we judge the functional outcomes of therapy for motor speech disorders is looking at changes in the perceptual ratings of intelligibility, comprehensibility, and efficiency of speech.

The 3 branches of Cranial Nerve X (Vagus) are:

temporal, zygomatic, buccal

recurrent laryngeal, maxillary, buccal

pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal

opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal

Central and peripheral nervous system activity must combine to execute speech motor programs by innervating breathing, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory muscles in a manner that generates an acoustic signal that faithfully reflects the goals of the programs. The neural and neuromuscular transmission and subsequent muscle contractions and movements of speech structures are referred to as _________________________.

neuromuscular execution.

perception.

planning and programming.

speech.

neuromuscular execution.

Apraxia of Speech (AOS) is a neurologic speech disorder that reflects an impaired capacity to ...

execute motor commands necessary for directing movements that result in phonetically and prosodically normal speech.

plan or program sensorimotor commands necessary for directing movements that result in phonetically and prosodically normal speech.

plan or program sensorimotor commands necessary for directing movements that result in phonetically and prosodically normal speech

What is NOT a type of dysarthria?

Hyperkinetic

Kinetic

Spastic

Ataxic

Kinetic

Cerebellum

ataxic

Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) Unilaterally

UUMN (hemispheric stroke)

Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) Bilaterally

spastic

Lower Motor Neuron

flaccid

Basal Ganglia: Substantra Nigra

hypokinetic (Parkinson's disease)

Damage to which cranial nerve can cause Bell's Palsy?

Trigeminal

Vagus

Hypoglossal

Facial

Facial

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve is most detrimental to speech?

mandibular

temporal

superior laryngeal

ophthalmic

mandibular

True or False: Resonatory and phonatory insufficiencies are unique to flaccid dysarthria.

True

In Duffy's model, the speech motor system has four main parts. These are: (Select 4 of the following)

direct activation pathway

indirect activation pathway

FCP

control circuits

In Duffy's model, the "control circuits" include . . . (Select 2 of the following)

cerebellar loop

basal ganglia loop

brainstem and spinal cord

LMN

cerebral cortex

UMN

If a muscle no longer has input from ALL its lower motor neurons (LMNs), what will occur?

paralysis

A key diagnostic feature of Myasthenia gravis is that

muscle weakness worsens with use and improves with rest

Because of the bilateral UMN innervation of most cranial nerve nuclei, and bihemispheric control of volitional speech movements, UUMN dysarthria is typically . .

mild, with recovery over hours to weeks

Which of the following is NOT correct about Guillain-Barre syndrome

The site of lesion is in the UMN

Which of the following is the most common motor neuron disease which affects the bulbar, limb, and respiratory muscles?

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

In which of the following types of dysarthria is it unusual/not common to see co-occurring cognitive deficits?

flaccid dysarthria

Which of the following diagnoses would likely result in HYPERkinetic dysarthria?

Huntington disease

What type of dysarthria can occur with vascular dementia?

spastic dysarthria

Which of the following is the most common nonhereditary degenerative ataxia

multiple system atrophy

Individuals with UUMN can only have damage due to lesions on the ________ side of the brain

either right or left side (but only damage to one of them)

True or False: Intelligibility is the understanding of a message via the speech signal (how many words can be understood by a listener). Comprehensibility is the understanding of a message taking into consideration both the speech signal AND context.

true

True or False: Aphasia is a neurogenic speech disorder.

False

True or False: Control circuits have a direct communication pathway to the lower motor neurons.

False

Brain and Spinal Cord

Central Nervous System

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

peripheral nervous system

Bilateral damage to UMNs results in which symptom (that is also associated with spastic dysarthria)?

spasticity

True or False: DYSTONIA is the inability to perform accurate, smooth movements and is characterized by overshooting or undershooting targets, while DYSMETRIA is a movement disorder characterized by uncontrollable muscle contractions that cause twisting or abnormal postures.

false

Hyperkinesia means

too much movement

When thinking about hyperkinetic dysarthrias, which of the following is a general term used to refer to abnormal, involuntary movements, regardless of etiology

dyskinesia

Which of the following is the most pervasive speech deficit which is evident in nearly all patients with UUMN dysarthria?

imprecise consonants

Pseudobulbar affect (sudden, uncontrollable outbursts of crying, laughing, anger) is most commonly associated with which dysarthria?

spastic dysarthria

Individuals with ataxic dysarthria have 3 clusters of abnormal speech characteristic. They involve which of the following speech systems?

articulation and prosody

In spastic dysarthria, which of the following descriptions of vocal quality helps distinguish this type of dysarthria from other types of dysarthria?

strained-harsh/strained-strangled

Parkinson's disease is the prototypical disease associated with which dysarthria?

hypokinetic

Weakness is commonly seen in which of the following types of dysarthria?

flaccid

The Resonatory Incompetence cluster of abnormal speech characteristics includes the following speech characteristics: hypernasality, imprecise consonants, nasal emission, and short phrases. The Resonatory Incompetence cluster only occurs in one type of dysarthria and is considered to be especially important for differential diagnosis. Which type of dysarthria is it?

flaccid

Damage to which of the following will result in spasticity?

UMN

Motor speech disorders are the result of difficulty in what processing component?

motor execution

List the 5 domains of speech

prosody, respiration, phonation, articulation and resonance

The direct and indirect pathways contain which type of neuron?

Upper Motor Neuron

What is the final common pathway synonymous with?

Lower Motor Neuron

Damage to LMNs results in what type of dysarthria?

flaccid dysarthria