Assorted Skull Facts

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Last updated 2:42 PM on 8/12/26
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12 Terms

1
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How were the bones of the skull formed?

Intramembranous ossification - frontal, parietal, occipital

Endochondral ossification - sphenoid, temporal

2
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Sutures? Where do they meet?

Coronal suture - frontal/parietal

Sagittal suture - two parietal

Lambdoid suture - parietal/occipital

Coronal + sagittal = bregma

Sagittal + lambdoid = lambda

3
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Name the air sinuses of the skull

Frontal

Maxillary

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

Mastoid (temporal)

4
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What is the pterion?

Point where frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones meet. Under it runs the middle meningeal artery. Damage -> extradural haemorrhage.

5
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Parts of the temporal bone?

Squamous, petrous.

Tympanic. Zygomatic process, styloid process.

<p>Squamous, petrous.</p><p>Tympanic. Zygomatic process, styloid process.</p>
6
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Signs of petrous temporal fracture?

> CSF otorrhea

> Bruising over mastoid process (Battle sign)

7
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Signs of anterior cranial fossa fractures?

> CSF rhinorrhea

> Bruising around eyes ("raccoon eyes")

8
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What is in the cavernous sinus? How are they arranged?

> Internal carotid

> Carotid plexus (sympathetic)

> Abducens VI

In lateral wall:

> Oculomotor III

> Trochlear IV

> Ophthalmic trigeminal V1

> Maxillary trigeminal V2

Lateral wall, superior to inferior - O TOM

Sinus contents, medial to lateral - CAT

9
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Name 3 types of haemorrhage.

Extradural, subdural, subarachnoid

10
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Extradural haemorrhage

Between inner surface of skull and dura mater.

Biconvex in shape, limited by cranial sutures.

Frequently arterial & associated with head trauma (eg. pterion trauma -> middle meningeal artery)

<p>Between inner surface of skull and dura mater.</p><p>Biconvex in shape, limited by cranial sutures.</p><p>Frequently arterial & associated with head trauma (eg. pterion trauma -> middle meningeal artery)</p>
11
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Subdural haemorrhage

Between dura mater and arachnoid mater.

Typically crescent-shaped and not limited by cranial sutures.

Often venous - hard trauma to head can tear superior cerebral veins as they enter superior sagittal sinus. Can actually develop very slowly.

Risk factors: alcohol misuse and old age, as this causes cerebral atrophy & consequential stretching of veins.

<p>Between dura mater and arachnoid mater.</p><p>Typically crescent-shaped and not limited by cranial sutures.</p><p>Often venous - hard trauma to head can tear superior cerebral veins as they enter superior sagittal sinus. Can actually develop very slowly.</p><p>Risk factors: alcohol misuse and old age, as this causes cerebral atrophy & consequential stretching of veins.</p>
12
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Subarachnoid haemorrhage

In the subarachnoid space.

Usually as a rupture of a 'berry' aneurysm at the base of the brain. ~85% are anterior circle of Willis, ~15% vertebrobasilar.

Sudden, very severe "thunderclap" headache. Nausea, vomiting, stiffness.

Can either surgically clip, or endovasular embolisation.

<p>In the subarachnoid space.</p><p>Usually as a rupture of a 'berry' aneurysm at the base of the brain. ~85% are anterior circle of Willis, ~15% vertebrobasilar.</p><p>Sudden, very severe "thunderclap" headache. Nausea, vomiting, stiffness.</p><p>Can either surgically clip, or endovasular embolisation.</p>