Velocity Speeds + more

V_FE

Maximum flap extended speed. Do not exceed this speed with the flaps down. Represented by the top of the white arc.

V_NE

Never Exceed speed. (Represented by the red line)

V_A

Maneuvering speed, the speed below which you can use full control movements without over stressing the aircraft. Do not exceed this speed in turbulent air or during abrupt control inputs. (decreases with aircraft weight)

V_NO

Maximum structural cruising speed. Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air, and then with only caution. Represented by the yellow arc.

V_Y

Best rate-of-climb speed is the speed which results in the greatest gain in altitude in a given time. (74kts)

V_X

Best angle-of-climb speed is the speed which results in the greatest gain of altitude in a given horizontal distance. (56kts)

V_SO

Stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable in the landing configuration at the most forward CG(center of gravity)

Green arc

Normal operating range. Lower limit is maximum weight. V_S1 at most forward CG with flaps retracted. Upper limit is maximum structural cruising speed.

V_R

Rotation speed is the speed at which the pilot gently pulls back on the control column to lift the nose off of the runway during takeoff.(55kts)

V_S

Stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controlled. The airplane will stall if you fly any slower than this speed. (a stall can occur at any airspeed, in any altitude.)

White Arc

Full flap operating range. Lower limit is maximum weight Vso in landing configuration. Upper limit is maximum speed permissible with flaps extended.

Yellow Arc

Operations must be conducted with caution and only in smooth air.

V₁

Takeoff Decision Speed is the speed by which the decision to continue the takeoff or abort must be made.

AWAS

125.375

7600

Radio Failure

7500

Hijacking

7700

Emergency

CTAF

123.075

Red Line

Maximum speed for all operation

V_LE

Maximum landing gear extended speed

V_LO

Maximum landing gear operating speed

Emergency frequency

121.5