Genetics(1) (1)

Gene

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single genetic instruction.

Locus

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

Allele

One variant of a gene that may differ from other variants.

Haploidy

The state of having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Diploidy

The state of having two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Mendelian genetics

The study of how traits are inherited according to Mendel's laws of inheritance.

Segregation

The process by which alleles are separated during gamete formation.

Assortment

The independent distribution of alleles during gamete formation.

Codominance

A form of inheritance where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed.

Phenotype

The observable characteristics of an organism resulting from its genetic makeup.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an organism, representing the alleles it possesses.

Crossing over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Nondisjunction

The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during cell division, leading to gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers.

Test cross

A genetic cross between a homozygous recessive individual and an unknown genotype to determine the unknown genotype's alleles.

Recombination

The process by which genetic material is reshuffled to create new allele combinations.

Sex linkage

The association of a trait with a gene located on a sex chromosome.