BIO 111 Quiz 4

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is false?

It synthesizes mRNA in a 3' to-5' direction, reading the DNA strand 5' to 3'.

The process of gene expression involves two steps in which _______ is transcribed into _______, which is (are) translated into _______.

DNA;RNA;Protein

The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA is

RNA polymerase

Transcription is the process by which

an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template.

Which statement about the flow of genetic information is true?

DNA encodes information that is translated into RNA, and RNA encodes information that is translated into proteins.

The _______ strand of DNA is transcribed to produce an RNA strand by DNA bases pairing with _______ bases of RNA.

template; complementary

During initiation, the sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds most tightly is the

promoter

RNA polymerase uses the _______ DNA template to synthesize a _______ mRNA.

3′-to-5′; 5′-to-3′

A transcription factor is _______ that assists transcription by binding to _______.

a protein; the promoter

Promoters are made of

nucleic acids.

Termination of transcription involves a

terminator sequence.

If the transcribed mRNA is 5′-AUGCUCGUGACGAUU-3′, what was the template strand of DNA?

3′-TACGAGCACTGCTAA-5′

The three-dimensional structure of tRNA is maintained by

Hydrogen bonds

The anticodon 3′-AUC-5′ would pair with the codon

5′-UAG-3′.

Ribosomes are a collection of _______ that are needed for _______.

proteins and small RNAs; translation

In what order does a charged tRNA molecule move between the three sites on the ribosome?

A, P, E

During translation initiation, the first site occupied by a charged tRNA is the _______ site.

A

During translation, the formation of a peptide bond between an amino acid at the P site and an amino acid at the A site is catalyzed by

the large ribosomal subunit.

Stop codons terminate translation by

binding a protein release factor, causing hydrolysis of the bond between the polypeptide chain and the tRNA.

What is a ribozyme?

Any RNA with catalytic ability

In protein synthesis, the endoplasmic reticulum

is the site of translation of membrane-bound and exported proteins.

The addition of sugar residues to the protein after translation is called

glycosylation.

The offspring resulting from asexual reproduction are called _______ and are genetically _______ their parent.

clones; identical or virtually identical to

The haploid number of chromosomes is _______ the diploid number.

half

Diploid cells of the fruit fly Drosophila have ten chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a Drosophila gamete have?

5

Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs

meiosis I only

The number of chromosomes in a cell is reduced by half during

meiosis I

Sexual reproduction increases genetic variability through

crossing over, independent assortment, and random fertilization.

Which statement about meiosis and mitosis is true?

The products of meiosis can be different from one another, while the products of mitosis are all the same (except for rare mutations).

During meiosis, the sister chromatids separate during

anaphase II

At the end of the first meiotic division, each chromosome consists of

two chromatids.

The exchange of genetic material between chromatids on homologous chromosomes occurs during

prophase I.

Different forms of a gene are called

alleles

At a certain locus of the human genome, 200 different alleles exist in the population. Each person has at most _______ allele(s).

2

In mice, short hair is dominant to long hair. If a short-haired individual is crossed with a long-haired individual and both long- and short-haired offspring result, one can conclude that

the short-haired parent is heterozygous.

Classical albinism results from a recessive allele. What is the expected ratio for the progeny when a normally pigmented male with an albino father has children with an albino woman?

50% normal, 50% albino

Separation of the alleles of a single gene into different gametes is called

segregation

Mendel's law of segregation results from the processes that occur during

meiosis I

Segregation of alleles occurs during meiotic cell division. During which phase of meiotic cell division are different alleles of the same gene segregated into two daughter cells?

cytokinesis I