IV: The Scientific Revolution

concept reborn in European society during the Renaissance

Greco-Roman Logic

to doubt adn question things previously accepted as true

skepticism

what kind of knowledge was skepticism applied to

ancient Greeks and Romans

new invention, technologies, and math that developed skepticism

telescopes, microscopes, vacuum pump, and thermometers

three thinkers

Ptolemy, Galen, Aristotle

Ptolemy's idea

universe

Galen's work

human anatomy

Aristotle's idea

gravity

one of the first and most significant questioning of the Classics

Copernicus

Copernicus asserted that Earth orbited what

the sun

what did Copernicus' model challenge

Ptolemy's geocentric model

Copernicus' model

heliocentric model

Copernicus' model was dismissed by the Church as

heretical

who invented telescope

Galileo

Galileo's observation confirmed what

Copernicus' theory

Galileo's observation disproved what

Aristotle's theory

Aristotle's theory

heavy objects fall faster

Galileo's take on Aristotle's theory

minus resistance, all object fall at the same speed

who found that Galen's theories on anatomy were wrong

Vesalius

who discovered that the body functioned universally in humans as an integrated system

William Harvey

extracting physical truths through testing, observation, and repeatability

scientific method

scientific method was a combination of

skepticism and proof

a new process of proving what is true and using new inventions to help accomplish that

The Scientific Revolution

who established a set of laws for the universe based on testing/mathematics

Isaac Newton

Newton's set of laws for the universe

Newtonian physics

objects at rest remain at rest and objects in motion remain in motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

Newton's First Law of Motion

force equals mass times acceleration

Newton's Second Law of Motion

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Newton's Third Law of Motion

who created inductive reasoning

Francis Bacon

using evidence, patterns, and observations to supply strong evidence for the truth

inductive reasoning

who created deductive reasoning

Rene Descartes

using logical deduction to make a certain, logical conclusion

deductive reasoning

monarchs and governments began to publicly _________

fund scientists

why did monarchs + governments fund scientists

to figure out the universe

what is the group of scientists whose job and lives were dedicated to questioning, devleoping, and testing new ideas called

Royal Societies

example of Royal Societies

Royal Society of London