Unit 5 People Terms

Study for quiz December 7th!

Sultan Abdulhamid

Took over the Ottoman Empire in 1876. His policies caused a genocide of the Armenian people. His nickname became the "Red Sultan"

Muhammad Ali

An Albanian Ottoman officer that rose to prominence and became the new governor of Egypt. He was able to push Egypt to industrialization. He was considered the first great modern ruler of Egypt.

Richard Arkwright

Invented the water frame which used waterpower to drive the spinning wheel.

Francois-Marie Arouet -Voltaire

Candide. Advocate for Civil liberties. Campaigned for religious liberty and judicial reform in France.

Alexander Graham Bell

Patent for the telephone

Otto von Bismarck

Prussian leader who favored realpolitik and used nationalist feelings to engineer three wars. Founded the new German empire

Simon Bolivar

A creole that pushed for Enlightenment ideas in Latin America. His ideas of free market, the abolition of slavery, and concerns for Latin America were outline in his "Jamaica Letter"

Napoleon Bonaparte

Great French General that became the Emperor of France in 18049.

Robert Boyle

An Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist and inventor. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry.

Marie Curie

A Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice.

Count di Cavour

The prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia. Led the drive to unite the entire Italian Peninsula under the only native dynasty, the House of Savoy.

Empress Dowager Cixi

China conservative who opposed the reforms and wanted to protect traditional social and governmental systems. She imprisoned the emperor (her stepson) and repealed his reform edicts. She led the 1900 Boxer Rebellion, which killed 86 Christian missionaries in China

Alfred Dreyfus

A military officer who was Jewish, who was convicted of treason against the French government, unjustly which kicked off the Zionist movement.

Thomas Edison

An American inventor and businessmanwho developed many devices and inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and early versions of the electric light bulb.

Albert Einstein

a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity,

Friedrich Engels

Wealthy supporter of Karl Marx

Henry Ford

Expanded the concept of the division of labor by developing the moving assembly line.

Charles Fourier

810 passions that would make work more enjoyable and workers less tired. He believed that a fundamental principle of utopia was harmonious living in communities.

James Hargreaves

Invented the Spinning Jenny

Theodor Herzl

An Austro-Hungarian Jew that led the movement of Jews moving to their own land

Thomas Hobbes

Leviathan. Viewed political life as the result of a social contract. Argued that people's natural state was to live in a bleak world in which life was "nasty, brutish, and short." By agreeing to a social contract, they gave up some rights to a strong central government in return for law and order.

Galileo

An Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer. Discovered several planetsusing a telescope. Discover that the moon was rough not smooth. Published papers about the earth being heliocentric and was charged with heresyand charged in the Inquisition

Thomas Jefferson

Writer of the Declaration of Independence

John Locke

An Essay concerning Human Understanding Viewed political life as the result of a social contract. Argued that the social contract implied the right, even the responsibility, of citizens to revolt against unjust government. People had natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of property.('unalienable rights")

Louis the XVI

King of France that refused to accept limited monarchy.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Former slave that organized and overthrew the French government in Haiti and later became the Haitian Governor for life

Gugliemo Marconi

Developed the Radio that could send and receive a signal across the Atlantic Ocean

Karl Marx

Communist Manifesto. German scholar and writer who argued for socialism, "scientific socialism"

John Stuart Mill

An economist, clergy, and intellectual that criticized laissez-fair capitalism as inhumane to workers. Championed legal reforms to allow labor unions, limit child labor, and ensure safe working conditions in factories.

Baron Montesquieu

The Spirit of Law. Checks on power. American system adopted his ideas by separating its branches of government.

Sultan Mahmud II

Reformed the Ottoman system and abolished the corps of Janissaries.

Isaac Newton

An English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author (described in his time as a "natural philosopher"), widely recognized as one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists and among the most influential scientists of all time. He was a key figure in the philosophical revolution known as the Enlightenment.

Robert Owen

Established intentional communities (utopian socialism) in Scotland and Indiana

Louis Pasteur

French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization, the latter of which was named after him.

Thomas Paine

Common Sense. Advocated liberty from Britain. Anti-church writings. Defended Deism

Matthew Perry

Naval Commodore who sailed into Yedo and Tokyo Bay to ask for trade privileges with the Japanese.

Jose Rizal

An educated Filipino agitator who wrote publications advocating for greater autonomy for the Philippines. Was arrested and executed.

Maximilien Robespierre

Played an important part in the agitation which brought about the fall of the French monarchy and kickoff the Reign of Terror in France

Lola Rodriguez de Tio

Revolutionary Puerto Rican. A poet who wrote her critiques of Spain's exploitive rule over Puerto Rico.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Social Contract Expanded the idea of social contracts. Laid out ideas on child-rearing and education. Presented the concept of the General will of a population and the obligation of a sovereign to carry out that General Will. An optimist who believed that society could improve.

Manuela Saenz

The lover of Simon Bolivar. Actively participated in fighting alongside Bolivar. An excellent rider and fighters. Rose in rank of colonel. Nick name "Liberator of the Liberator"

Henri de Saint-Simon

French. Believed that scientists and engineers, working together with businesses, could operate clean efficient, beautiful places to work that produced things useful to society.

Adam Smith

The Wealth of Nations. Called for freer trade. Advocated for laissez-faire. Government should reduce their intervention in economic decisions. The "invisible hand" of the market would guide them to make choices beneficial for society. His ideas provided the foundation for capitalism.

James Watt

Created a version of the steam engine that harnessed coal to create the steam

Eli Whitney

Created a system of interchangeable parts for manufacturing firearms for the U.S. military

William Wilberforce

a Christian philanthropist, politician, and abolitionist in England. He is most famous for his leading role in abolishing the slave trade in Britain.

Mary Wollstonecraft

A Vindication of the Rights of Women. Ultimate goal was for women to gain the same rights and abilities as men through the application of reason