Comprehensive Chemistry Review: Atomic Structure, Bonding, Periodic Trends, and Laws

What is the atomic number of Potassium?

19

What is the atomic mass of Potassium?

≈ 39.10 amu

Where are metals located on the Periodic Table?

Left side & center

Where are nonmetals located on the Periodic Table?

Right side

Where are metalloids located on the Periodic Table?

Stair-step line

Where are noble gases located on the Periodic Table?

Far right (Group 18)

What is a chemical change?

A change that produces a new substance

Give an example of a chemical change.

Rusting iron or burning wood

What is a physical change?

A change in form, not substance

Give an example of a physical change.

Melting ice or tearing paper

How many atoms are in (NH₄)₃AsO₄?

20 atoms

How many protons does Zinc (Zn) have?

30

How many electrons does Zinc (Zn) have?

30

How many neutrons does Zinc (Zn) have?

≈ 35

How many electrons does F⁻¹ have?

10 electrons

How many electrons does Mg²⁺ have?

10 electrons

What is the balanced equation for 4Al₂O₃?

8Al + 3O₂

What is the balanced equation for 2K₃PO₄ + 3Mg(OH)₂?

Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 6KOH

What group do halogens belong to?

Group 17

What is the charge of halogens?

−1 charge

What group do noble gases belong to?

Group 18

What is the charge of noble gases?

0 charge

What group do alkali metals belong to?

Group 1

What is the charge of alkali metals?

+1 charge

What group do alkaline earth metals belong to?

Group 2

What is the charge of alkaline earth metals?

+2 charge

What is chemistry?

Study of matter and its changes

What is the SI unit for length?

Meter (m)

What is the SI unit for mass?

Kilogram (kg)

What is the SI unit for time?

Second (s)

What is the SI unit for volume?

Liter (L)

What is the SI unit for particles?

Mole (mol)

What is the charge of a proton?

• charge

Where is the neutron located?

Nucleus

What is the approximate mass of a neutron?

~1 amu

What is the charge of an electron?

− charge

What is the approximate mass of an electron?

~0 amu

What is the formula for density?

Density = mass/volume

What is a solid?

Fixed shape & volume

What is a liquid?

Fixed volume, flexible shape

What is a gas?

No fixed shape or volume

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

Uneven mixture (e.g., salad)

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Uniform mixture (e.g., saltwater)

What are periods in the Periodic Table?

Horizontal rows

What are families/groups in the Periodic Table?

Vertical columns

Who wrote the atomic theory?

John Dalton

What does Dalton's Atomic Theory state about matter?

Matter is made of atoms.

What does the Conservation of Mass law state?

Mass is conserved.

What is an ion?

Charged atom

What is a cation?

Positive ion

What is an anion?

Negative ion

What is an isotope?

Same element, different neutrons.

What is the atomic number?

Number of protons.

What is the atomic mass?

Weighted average of isotopes.

What is accuracy in measurements?

Close to true value.

What is precision in measurements?

Repeatable results.

What is an intensive property?

Independent of amount.

What is an extensive property?

Depends on amount.

What are reactants?

Starting materials.

What are products?

Ending substances.

What are valence electrons?

Outer electrons.

What is a polyatomic ion?

Charged group of atoms.

What is lattice energy?

Ionic bond strength.

What is a hypothesis?

Testable explanation.

What is a theory?

Well-tested explanation.

What is a control in an experiment?

Standard for comparison.