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Asepsis

it means state of being free from pathogenic organism or infection

Antisepsis

it means the prevention of sepsis/infection.

Antiseptic

It inhibits the growth and development of microorganism on skin and body tissues by using chemical agents

Pathogenic organism

organism which can produce disease

Spore

a resistant encapsulated form taken by certain organism when conditions are not suitable for their existence. This is important in surgical asepsis because the protective shells of the microorganisms are resistant to heat and are difficult to destroy

Direct transmission

infection spread with direct contact with the diseases person eg. touch droplet, infection etc

sepsis

it is the infection of the body by pus-forming bacteria or presence of bacteria and their toxin in the body (usually following the infection of a wound) which kill tissues and produce pus

sterilization

it is the process of destruction of all microorganism, both pathogenic and non pathogenic

droplet infection

in this infection it spreads by means of fine particles

fumigation

it is the process of disinfection by exposure to fumes of a vaporized germicide

isolation

it is the separation of infected person for the period of communicability under conditions. This will prevent the transmission of infection to others

portal of entry

ways where pathogen enters the body

portal pf exit

ways where pathogen leaves the body

quarantine

it is detention or isolation of a well person who has come in contact with an infectious disease for a period of time equal to the longest incubation period of the disease

carrier

a person who harbors the pathogen of a disease in his body without showing signs and symptoms of disease

disinfection

destroying of all pathogenic organism outside the human body by direct exposure to a chemical or physical agent

concurrent disinfection

it is the immediate disinfection of all contaminated articles and bodily discharged during the course of the disease

terminal infection

it means disinfection of patient’s unit with all the articles used by the patient on his discharge , death or release isolation

epidemic

a disease which attacks a large number of people in community at the same time or during the same season

non specific defense

• inhibitors

• phagocytosis

• fever

specific body defense

• active community

• passive community

• system can remember the pathogen

active immunity

own body fights and responsible for the pathogen

passive immunity

we can recover from other person

air

• droplet nuclei

• dust

vehicles

contaminated item, liquid, water, dust, drugs, blood and improperly handles or stored fruit and vegetables

vectors

insect

incubation period

interval between the entrance of pathogen into the body and appearance of first symptoms; eg. chicken pox 2 to 3 weeks

prodromal stage

interval from the onset of non specific signs and symptoms. Microorganisms grow and multiply and the client is more capable of spreading the disease to others during this time

period of illness

intervals when the client manifests sign and symptoms specific to the type of infection

convalescence stage

interval when acute signs and symptoms of an infection disappear, length of recovery depends on severity of infection and the clients general state of health. Recovery take several days to months

inadecquate primary defense

• broken skin or mucous membrane

• traumatized tissue

• decreased ciliary action

• obstructed urine outflow

inadecquate secondary defense

• reduced hemoglobin

• suppression of white blood corpuscles

• suppressed inflammatory response

• low WBC count (leukopenia)

latrogenic infections

type of nosocomial infections that result from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure

exogenous infection

arises from microorganism external to the individual, which do not exist as normal flora

endogenous infection

can occur when part of the client’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth nuclei results

systemic infection

more generalized symptoms can be seen

medical asepsis

• is the combination of all particles that are intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number growth and transmission of microorganism

• objects referred to as clean or dirty

clean

denotes the absence of almost all microorganism

dirty

denotes the likely presence of microorganism

surgical asepsis

• objects are free from pathogenic and non pathogenic organism

• pathogenic and non pathogenic organism are totally destroyed

• a sterile technique is used giving injection and doing surgical dressing

medical asepsis I

• the number growth and transmission of microorganism are controlled

• transmission of pathogenic organism is prevented

• a clean technique is used