Klebsiella spp

Gram negative bacilli

gram stain and shape of klebsiella spp.

Non motile

klebsiella spp are mostly _

Capsule

the Klebsiella spp make abundant

Klebsiella aerogenes

produces a lot of hydrogen, has peritrichous flagella and is motile, found in healthy gastrointestinal tract, causes opportunistic nosocomial infections

Europe and France

where klebsiella aerogenes is preventelant in _

Klebsiella oxytoca

causes many of the same infections as k aerogenes, frequent cause of infant bacterimia, causes antibiotic associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC), makes two toxins

Tilimycin (TM)

damages DNA in K oxytoca infections and disrupts the cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis

Tilivalline (TV)

destabilizes tubulin and disrupts the cell cycle progression and induce apoptosis

Klebsiella pneumoniae

responsible for the majority of human infections, problem in alcoholics leading to the obstruction of entire loves and cyanosis, very resistance to host clearance, two concerns over last 20 years (hypervirulent strains and antibiotic resistance)

Pneumonia, UTIs, bacterimias

disease caused by classical strains of klebsiella pneumoniae

Taiwan and SE asia

hypervirulent strains of klebsiella pneumonia

Abscesses

neck lung and kidneys and liver _ are caused by klebsiella pneumonia and can cause cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis

Meningitis

klebsiella pneumoniae HV strains can ultimately lead to ____

Reduced clearance

k pneumoniae virulence factors are related to _

Capsule, LPS, fimbriae, siderophores, OMPs, porins, transporters

k pneumoniae virulence factors

K antigen

k pneumoniae capsule serotypes are categorized by _

More

hypervirulent strains have capsule

K1 and K2

k antigens that are most virulent

Capsule

RmpA, RcsA and RcsB contribute to the production of more _

Capsule

prevents phagocytosis, defensins and complement and opsonization are inhibited by

LPS

K pneumonia ____ is what makes O antigens excludes complement component to protect against MAC and opsonization and activates complement pathways

TLR4

LPS is a strong activator of ____

Type 1 fimbriae

thin projections that bind D mannosylated glycoconjugants , facilitates binding to mannose rich surfaces like bladder cells associated with recurrent UTIs

Type 3 fimbriae

helical projections that bind collagen IV in HECM, exposed due to mechanical disruption of epithelium or accumulation on in dwelling devices, seen with VAP

K pneumonia siderophores

4 possible secreted to acquire iron in infections some are resistant to host defenses and often need to lose multiple to affect colonization

AMR

k pneumonia is part of ESKAPE and is ____

AmpC beta lactamases

function in the presence of beta lactamase inhibitors and contribute to K pneumoniae AMR

Carbapenems

antibiotics reserved for severe infections caused by AMR strains, classic ESBLs

Extended spectrum beta lactamases

confer resistance to narrow spectrum penicillin’s like amoxicillin, third gen cephalosporins,