Water Pollution and Hygiene

These flashcards cover key concepts related to water pollution, sources of water, treatment processes, and public health implications based on the lecture notes.

What percentage of Earth's water is saltwater?

97.5% of Earth's water is saltwater.

What is the significance of safe and readily available water for public health?

It is crucial for human consumption, agriculture, and industries.

What are the three main types of water sources?

Atmospheric water, surface water, and underground water.

What is the main consequence of contaminated drinking water according to WHO?

It can transmit diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, and typhoid.

What is eutrophication and what causes it?

Eutrophication is the overgrowth of algae in water bodies caused by excess nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus.

What is point source pollution?

Pollution that comes from a single, identifiable location, making it easier to monitor and regulate.

What is the role of indicator organisms in water quality testing?

They signal possible contamination by harmful pathogens and are easier to detect.

What are the two main treatment processes for groundwater?

Removal of iron and manganese through sedimentation or filtration.

What is the significance of anaerobic digestion in wastewater treatment?

It produces biogas, reducing sludge volume and pathogens.

What percentage of the global population had access to safely managed drinking-water services in 2022?

73% of the global population had access to safely managed drinking-water services.