Classical and Operant Conditioning

These flashcards cover key concepts related to classical and operant conditioning, including definitions and fundamental principles.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior learning.

Unconditioned Response (UR)

The natural reaction to an unconditioned stimulus, such as salivating when food is presented.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with an unconditioned stimulus, eventually triggers a conditioned response.

Conditioned Response (CR)

The learned response to a conditioned stimulus, which is similar to the unconditioned response.

Pavlovian

Another term for classical conditioning, named after Ivan Pavlov who discovered the concept through his experiments with dogs.

Neutral Stimulus

A stimulus that does not initially elicit any intrinsic response; in classical conditioning, it is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Operant Conditioning

A method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior, influencing the likelihood of actions.

Reinforcement

Any consequence that strengthens the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Positive Reinforcement

Adding a desirable stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

Removing an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

Positive Punishment

Adding an aversive stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.

Negative Punishment

Removing a desirable stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior.