Plant Diversity and Angiosperms

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to angiosperms and their reproductive structures.

Phylum Anthophyta

The phylum that includes all angiosperms, or flowering plants, which produce fruits.

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that produce fruits and have a dominant sporophyte generation.

Monocots

A group of angiosperms characterized by having one cotyledon.

Eudicots (Dicots)

A category of angiosperms with two cotyledons.

Peduncle

The flower stalk that supports the flower.

Receptacle

The thickened part of a stem that bears the floral organs.

Calyx

The whorl of sepals that protects the developing flower.

Corolla

The whorl of petals that attracts pollinators.

Androecium

The male floral organ, consisting of stamens.

Microgametophyte

The pollen grain; the male gametophyte.

Gynoecium

The female floral organ, consisting of carpels.

Megagametophyte

The embryo sac; the female gametophyte.

Sporogenesis

The production of spores in the sporophyte through meiosis.

Gametogenesis

The production of gametes by the gametophytes.

Microsporogenesis

The process of producing microspores in a flower's anthers via meiosis.

Pollen Grain

A haploid structure that undergoes germination to form a pollen tube.

Double Fertilization

A process in angiosperms where one sperm fertilizes the egg and another fuses with polar nuclei.

Zygote

The diploid cell formed by the fertilization of an egg by a sperm cell.

Endosperm

The triploid tissue that provides nourishment to the developing embryo.

Fruit

A mature ovary that contains seeds and can be dry or fleshy.

Pericarp

The outer wall of a fruit, which consists of exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp.

Embryo Development Stages

Stages include proembryo, globular, heart-shaped, torpedo, and mature embryo.

Juice Sac

The structure in fruits like oranges that contains the edible pulp.