0.1-0.2 AP psych

how is psych a science?

it studied the biology/physiology with experimental facted field. (use scientific methodology to come to conclusions)

what is the scientific attitude? what is the purpose of the scientific attitude?

the way researchers and students approach a question in order to avoid false or fantastical conclusions

to ensure studies are precisely designed with replicable “research based methods”

curiousity

def.

explanation of sign. in sci.

example

desire to learn

wishing determine new answers

taking a class (in psych)

skepticism

def.

explanation of sign. in sci.

example

always questioning predominant ideas fed to you

creating new solutions to grow

question the beliefs I’ve grown up with

humility

def.

explanation of sign. in sci.

example

knowing your ideas/beliefs aren’t the answers + willingness to restart

admitting something is no longer adopted to advance

I admit that I overstepped and wish to hear someone out

what is critical thinking? what does it consist of?

actively analyzing, evaluating, synthesizing info

making sure to question the predispoitioned. find new solutions/answers

why is critical thinking sign. in psychological sci.

there is big room for curiousity to continue to advance the predetermined beliefs to add transformation to psychology

what scientific attitude should Harrison improve if he wants to engage in scientific inquiry more effectively?

a. curiousity

b skepticism

c humility

d questioning

b

if Harrison wanted to increase his use of critical thinking, which of the following questions might he ask?

a. how can I share my results with more ppl

b. how can I sell my ideas to make a profit?

c. how can I interpret this result

d. how can I minimize the impact of this result

c

what is the name of the approach that uses observation and testing to draw conclusions?

a. qualitative

b. quantitative

c. scientific

d. critical

c

which of the elements of a scientific attitude is most associated with the question “does it work”

a. humility

b skepticism

c. arguementation

d. curiousity

d

how does critical thinking help indiv. examine “common sense” and seek truth

they don’t rely on assumptions/ not using what they believe is “common sense: or are being clouded by Cognitive biases

what are cognitive biases?

any sort of prejudice / inclination toward/against

unconscious and systemic error in thinking

hindsight bias

def.

ex.

something happens and you decide that you new it all along like or a genius

saying you “knew it all along”

overconfidence

def.

ex.

one believes that they are right in everything they say and approach it with very aggressive arrogance

saying you know EVERYTHING about fantasy just because you read powerless like bruh

perceiving order in random events

def.

ex.

you associate random events that have happen coincidentally as a sign that what is happening is a confirmation. you know the truth and future based off these patterns!

people keep scratching their heads (which happened a lot when you got sick one second) and then you say that’s it! i’m going to get sick

how do cognitive biases illustrate why science based answers are more valid than those based on common sense?

humans naturally wish for patterns or structure that just makes sense. yet many fallacies can rear their heads and make people find correlations that don’t exist

evidence removes human emotion + distraction creating more trustworthy, accurate answers

the tendency to exaggerate the correctness or accuracy of our beliefs and predictions is called

a. hindsight

b overconfidence

c critcal thinking

d skepticism

b

while sitting at a stoplight, nacy believes that the next car she sees will be blue because the previous three cars have been blue. Which psychological concept best explains her belief?

a hindsight bias

b critical thinking

c perceiving order in random events

d overconfidence

c

sfter the student council election, a friend tells you he could have guessed who would be elected president. which psychological phenomenon might this illiustrate?

a. common sense

b. hindsight

c overconfidence

d perceiving order in random events

b

biological

concerned with the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetic influences

evolutionary

examines the role of natural selection and inheritiance

behavioral

examines observable and measurable behaviors including learning via associations and reinforcement

psychodynamic

focuses on unconscious influence, experiences, and motivations that we may or may not realize are influencing us

humanistic

surrounds growth and self-fullfilment, it is an optimistic approach that looks at human potential

sociocultural

how our culture, society, groups and Environment affects our behaviors, thoughts, and experiences

cognitive

analyzes how we think, process remember and view information