S30 Origins of Classical Liberalism Review

Renaissance

Time period that laid foundations for intellectual, social, political, economic, scientific, and religious changes that shaped the world from the 13th-17th centuries. EG- secular thought

Personal Freedom

Includes free speech, religious liberty, private property, and the right of political opposition

Limited Government

Role of state is to protect the community from external attack and to punish those who are aggressive towards or deceive others.

patronage

favours or rewards

coercion

using force or intimidation to obtain compliance

Equal Rights

Everyone must abide by the same rules that the state enforces with impartiality

Consent of the Governed

citizens who owned a substantial amount of property had the right to vote

Enlightenment

political parents of liberalism

Industrial Revolution

economic parent of liberalism

Personal Freedom

1/4 Fundamental Principles of Liberalism- includes free speech

Personal Freedom

1/4 Fundamental Principles of Liberalism- includes private property

Personal Freedom

1/4 Fundamental Principles of Liberalism- includes right of political opposition

Limited Government

1/4 Fundamental Principles of Liberalism- what punishes the aggressive

Limited Government

1/4 Fundamental Principles of Liberalism- Protects from external attack

Equal Rights

1/4 Fundamental Principles of Liberalism- abiding by the same rules

Equal Rights

1/4 Fundamental Principles of Liberalism- rules are enforced with impariality

Consent of the Governed

1/4 Fundamental Principles of Liberalism- have property will vote

Consent of the Governed

1/4 Fundamental Principles of Liberalism- the right to vote for those with substantial property

Classical

Modern liberalism calls for more modern schools of liberalism that desire a greater role for the state, original ideas are called ________ liberalism.

Consent of the Governed

political theory wherein a government's legitimacy and moral right to use state power is only justified and legal when derived from the people or society over which that power is exercised

Freedom

Absence of coercion in political, social, and ecnomic areas of human life.

laissez-faire

Let alone

Invisible Hand

Term coined by Adam Smith implying that human needs are best served by free competition in the economic marketplace.

benefit

Adam Smith: Follow your own self-interest and in doing so _______ everyone.

protecting society

1/3 duties of government according to Adam Smith: _________ _______ from external violence and attack

injustice

1/3 duties of government according to Adam Smith: protecting memebers of society from ________ or oppression of every other memeber, exact administration of justice.

public works

1/3 duties of government according to Adam Smith: erecting+maintaining certain _____ ______ which would nenever be in any indivdual interst to create but would repay the cost in great to society.

coercive redistribution

State mandate to transfer wealth or income from rich to poor

conservatives

Classical liberals now call themselves _________

Classical Liberalism

The American Declaration of indepedence is a very concise statement of the political theory of _________ _________.

Thomas Hobbes

Wrote Leviathan

Thomas Hobbes

Said society requires a sovereign with absolute control in order to have peace.

Thomas Hobbes

"Without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war."

John Stuart Mill

Wrote "On Liberty" concerning civil and social liberty.

John Locke

the theoretical architect of democracy as it exists in the Western world today

John Locke

Stated that a legitimate government could only obtain its legitimacy from the consent of those whom it governs, who have voluntarily surrendered some of the freedom they would possess if they existed in "a state of nature."

baron de Montesquieu

Wrote PERSIAN LETTERS

baron de Montesquieu

Wrote THE SPIRIT OF LAWS

baron de Montesquieu

Argued that the best government would be one in which power was balanced among three groups of officials.

Classical liberalism

______ _______: promoting natural rights, political freedom, and a free-market economy.

Louis XVI

Autocratic monarch beheaded in French Revolution