Sports medicine HOSA study set

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187 Terms

1
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)

Strengthens immune system, acts an antioxidant, may protect against cataracts.(citrus fruits & juice, strawberries, spinach

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2
Vitamin A
Essential for vision and keeps tissues and skin healthy
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3
Folate (Folic Acid)

Helps prevent birth defects, Key element for new cell creation (Cereals, asparagus, orange juice)

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4
Nerve stimulation
Check for motor and sensory to determine if affected area has nerve damage
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5
Normal Blood Pressure
120/80
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6
Systolic
When the heart contracts
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7
Diastolic
As the heart relaxes
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8
Team Physician

To be available when emergency situations arise

Physicals

Clearing players to return to activity

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9
BOC Certified Athletic Trainer

Prevention

Clinical Education and Diagnosis

Immediate care

Treatment, rehabilitation, and conditioning

Organization and administration

Professional responsibility

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10
Athletes

Responsibility to maintain good physical condition

Practice techniques taught by coaches

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11
Parents
Assist in keeping athlete healthy and are updated about injury or illness. Should be provided with info on nutrition and recommend home treatments. If athlete is a minor, AT should alert parents immediately
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Officials
Responsible for enforcing fair rules, monitoring playing conditions, and cooperating with AT and physician
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13
Coaches

Must plan practices that include conditioning and training of athletes and teach techniques and rules of sport.

Practices must be of reasonable duration, taking skill level, fatigue, and environmental conditions into consideration. Selecting, fitting, and maintaining protective equipment. Supervision of practice and game facilities must be reviewed by coaching staff. Must update education by attending clinics, review rule change, skill development, first aid/ CPR. Athletes wellbeing is 1st. Works close with team physician and BOC certified AT.

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14
Athletic Training Student

Defined by interest , experience in allied healthcare, desire to gain knowledge of profession. Start with maintaining a clean athletic training area/facility. Other duties include inventory control, keeping track of supplies and equipment, and communication to head trainer. Should have checklist for practice, games, or road trips. Packing kits and other preparation activities. Preparing an sport/electrolyte drink or water. Documenting weight before and after practice. Recording for daily treatments. Treatments such as taping, wrapping, changing dressings,giving minor treatments, and first aid procedures

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15

Why is it important to keep athletic training facility clean?

To prevent cross contamination

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16
Physical Rehabilitation program goal
To return the injured athlete to pre
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17
Rehab program focuses on...
Injured body part
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18
What happens when if an athlete returns t activity without undergoing physical rehabilitation?

Could become re-injured

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19
2 principles to be avoided in rehab...

Pain

Encouragement of the athlete

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20
Aggressive rehab program will require...
Particular exercise program by athlete at a level slightly lower than what causes pain,
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21
Daily adherence to rehab program benefits athlete how?

daily exercise will result in tangible results

psychologically: athlete will feel better about themselves if allowed to participate in his/her own recovery rather than watching practices.

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22
5 phases of physical rehabilitation that need to be addressed

early exercise

intermediate exercise

advanced exercise

initial sports re

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23
Along with exercise, AT must also deal with ....

effusion

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24
effusion
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inflammatory response to trauma
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26
Returning an athlete to a pain
free active range of motion will increase...
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27
4 basic components of any physical rehab program are...
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therapeutic modalities
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athletic education
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goal setting
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31
When determining purpose of an exercise, always consider...

joint range of motion, muscle strength, power, endurance, balance, proprioception, kinesthetic awareness and cardiovascular fitness (total body conditioning)

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32
Progressive resistive exercises are used to increase...
Muscular strength, power, and endurance
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33
Purpose of Taping and wrapping
Primary: to provide additional support, stability, and compression for affected body part.
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34
Taping and wrapping techniques can be applied to...

Shorten the muscles angle of pull, Decrease joint range of motion, Secure pads, bandages and protective devices, Apply compression to aid in controlling swelling

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35
Taping: prep removal of hair
The athlete should shave the affected body part. This eu ensure a good solid foundation for the tape, will allow for easy tape removal, and will reduce skin irritation.
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36
Taping prep: cleanse the area
Make sure the sling in clean and moist free
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37
Taping prep: spray adherent
Spray the affected area with an adherent to aid adhesive quality
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38

Taping prep:

skin lubricants, underwrap

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39
Supportive wraps

Utilized to aid in muscle function and support and to reduce excessive range of motion. Used for short periods of time (competition or practice)

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40
Common terminology for the wraps are...
Spica, figure of eight, and pad support.
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41
Spica wraps
Traditionally employed at the hip and shoulder joints.
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42
Figure of eight wraps
Placed over ankle, knee, elbow, and wrist, and hand joints.
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43
Supportive wraps
Aid in securing pads after proper placement of felt, foam rubber, and protective devices.
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44
What does PRICES stand for?

Protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation,support

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45
What kind of pattern is used when applying a compression wrap?
Spiral
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46
Compression wrapping process
Start distal to injury, cross injured joint, and finish proximal to affected area.
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47
How does elevation assist in a compression wrap?
Assists in moving fluids out of injured area.
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48
When should compression wraps take place?
Every 4 hours.
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49
When applying supportive techniques to an athlete you should...
Be aware of specific rules for that particular sport.
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50
Primary purpose for protective device...
Prevent an injury and to protect injured anatomical structures from firth aggravation.
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51
Protective device can be applied to add...
Additional protection, support, stability, and compression.
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52
How are braces and special devices are beneficial?
If are intelligently selected, used within the rules and guidelines of specific sport.
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53
Foam
used in conjunction with various taping/wrapping procedures to increase efficacy of technique.
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54
thinks to keep in mind about foam is...
proper size, thickness, shape, and foam composition
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55
thermoplastic
can allow the injured athlete to return to practice and or competition with an increased awareness that the injury will be protected.
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because the hardness of thermoplastic...

may be restricted from some sports, limited to a certain body part - require padding according to guidelines

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57
Felt
applied by same criteria as foam.
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58
factors to be considered in construction and application of felt pad are...
size, thickness, and use of either adhesive or non
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59

in the construction of a special pad, the following criteria should be considered... 1

does the pad perform the function for which it was designed?
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60

in the construction of a special pad, the following criteria should be considered... 2

will the pad contribute to further injury to the area or to an adjacent area?
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61

in the construction of a special pad, the following criteria should be considered... 3

Will the pad alter the function or void the warranty of a manufactured piece of equipment (i.e., helmet, shoulder pads)
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62
Blisters

most often found on the feet. as the layers of skin rub together, friction causes separation. The body responds with fluid formation. The fluid causes pressure on nerve endings, perceived as pain.

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63
what happens when a blister is neglected?
may break and causes a open wound.
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64
ankle sprains
range from muscle strains and ligament strains to dislocations and fractures.
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65
mechanism of ankle sprain is usually...
combination of excessive inversion and plantar flexion.
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66
ligament most often injured in an ankle sprain
anterior talofibular
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67
why are ankle taping most preventive of inversion sprain?
because sprains are mostly lateral.
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68
Which is less common? Eversion or Inversion.
Eversion
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69
Medial side of ankle is the...
Deltoid ligament
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70
Deltoid Ligament
Helps prevent excessive eversion or turning of the heel outward mvmt.
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71
Categories of sprains
First degree, second degree, or third degree.
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72
First degree sprain
One or more of supporting ligaments and surrounding tissues are stretched. Minor discomfort, point tenderness, little to know swelling. No abnormal movement in the joint to indicate lack of stability.
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Second degree sprain
A portion of one or more ligaments are torn. There is slight pain, swelling, point tenderness, disability and loss of function. There is slight abnormal movement in the joint. The athlete may not be able to walk normally and will favor the injured leg.
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74
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
prevents anterior translation of the tibia on the femur; main stabilizing ligament in the knee, runs from anterior tibia to posterior femur
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75
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur; least important as far as stabilizing; runs from posterior tibia to anterior femur
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76
Medial Collateral Ligament
long and thick; injured by a lateral blow; located on the medial side of the knee; connects to the cartilage of the knee (medial meniscus)
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77
Lateral Collateral Ligament
thin and small; injured by a medial blow; doesn't attach to meniscus
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78
Medial Meniscus
meniscus shaped like a "c"
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79
Lateral Meniscus
meniscus shaped like a "o"
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80
Meniscus
shock absorbtion; adding to joint stability and helping to smooth the gliding and rotating movements of the femur and tibia
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81
The Synovial Membrane
a large, closed sac that lines the inside of the knee joint, helping to lubricate the tendons, ligaments, and bones
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82
Joint Capsule
lined on the interior by the synovial membrane and externally by various ligaments and muscular structures taht help stabilize the knee
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83
Contusion Injuries
caused by a direct blow or by falling on the knee (compression)
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84
Torsion Injuries
occur when the feet are fixed and the body is twisted (cutting/shearing)
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85
Patella Tendonitis
inflammation of the tendon just above (supra) or below (infra) the patella
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86
Chrondromalacia Patella
a painful degenerative condition that results in the irritation and softening of the articular cartilage on the posterior patella
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87
Osgood
Schlatter's
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88
CKCE
closed kinetic chain exercises; exercises where the extremity is in a weight bearing position (squats, lunges)
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89
OKCE
open kinetic chain exercises; exercises preformed when the joint is non weight breaing
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90
Valgus Stress
lateral stress or force on the outside of the knee
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91
Varus Stress
medial stress or force on the knee
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92
Osgood
Schlatter Disease
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93

MOI Osgood schlatter:

repetitive stress in the proximal tibial epiphysis where the patella tendon attaches to the tibial tuberosity; condition occurs most commonly in adolescent males although increasing in occurence among adolescent female

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94

Signs/Symptoms Osgood Schlatter:

swelling of the tibial tuberosity, pain exacerbated by activities involving jumping, running, kicking

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95

AIM Osgood Schlatter:

RICE, patella tendonitis strap

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96
Patella Tendonitis
inflammatory response from repeated stress or irritation of the patella tendon AKA jumper's knee
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97

MOI Patella tendonitis:

overuse, repeatitive jumping activities involving forceful knee extension

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98

Signs/Symptoms Patella tendonitis:

pain while performing resistive knee extensions, point tenderness over inferior pole of patella and patella tendon

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99

AIM Patella tendonitis:

RICE, quadriceps flexibility, strap

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100
Chrondromalacia Patella
softening (degeneration) on articular surface of posterior patella.
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