Anatomy Of Movement Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards derived from the Anatomy of Movement Do Now 1 worksheet covering muscle roles and attachments.

Prime Mover (Agonist)

The muscle primarily responsible for producing a specific movement.

Antagonist

A muscle that opposes or reverses the action of the prime mover.

Synergist

A muscle that aids the prime mover by adding extra force or by reducing unnecessary movement during an action.

Biarticular muscle

A muscle that crosses two joints, which is important for coordinating movements across multiple points of the musculoskeletal system.

Origin

The point of muscle attachment that typically remains fixed or stationary during a contraction.

Insertion

The point of muscle attachment on the bone that moves when the muscle contracts.

Muscle Attachments

The collective term for the origin and insertion points which help predict how a muscle will move the body.

Prime Mover (Agonist)

The main muscle primarily responsible for producing a specific movement.

Antagonist

A muscle that resists or opposes the action of the prime mover.

Synergist

Supportive muscle that assists the prime mover and prevents unwanted movement.

Biarticular Muscle

A muscle that crosses and acts on two joints.

Shoulder Flexion: Prime Mover

Anterior Deltoid.

Shoulder Flexion: Synergists

Pectoralis Major and Biceps Brachii.

Shoulder Horizontal Flexion: Prime Mover

Pectoralis Major.

Shoulder Horizontal Extension: Prime Mover

Posterior Deltoid.

Shoulder Extension: Prime Mover

Latissimus Dorsi.

Shoulder Extension: Synergist

Triceps Brachii.

Shoulder Adduction: Prime Movers

Pectoralis Major and Latissimus Dorsi.

Shoulder Abduction (First 15°): Prime Mover

Supraspinatus.

Shoulder Abduction (After 15°): Prime Mover

Medial Deltoid.

Supraspinatus Action

Initiates shoulder abduction (first 15 degrees).

Infraspinatus Action

External rotation of the shoulder.

Teres Minor Action

External rotation of the shoulder.

Subscapularis Action

Internal rotation of the shoulder.

Rotator Cuff Roles

Reinforces joint capsule and stabilizes humeral head in glenoid fossa.

Scaption Muscle Responsibility

All rotator cuff muscles contribute to scaption.

Hip Flexors

Iliopsoas, Rectus Femoris, and Sartorius.

Hip Extensors

Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius (posterior), and Hamstring Group.

Hip Adductors

Pectineus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, and Gracilis.

Hip Abductors

Sartorius, Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, and Tensor Fascia Lata.

Knee Flexors

Hamstring Group (Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus).

Knee Extensors

Quadriceps (Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialis).

Ankle Plantar Flexors

Gastrocnemius and Soleus.

Ankle Dorsiflexors

Tibialis Anterior.

Trunk Flexors

Psoas Major, Rectus Abdominis, Internal Obliques (bilaterally), External Obliques (bilaterally).

Trunk Extensors

Erector Spinae, Quadratus Lumborum, and Multifidi.

Trunk Lateral Flexors

External Obliques (unilaterally), Internal Obliques (unilaterally), Psoas Major, Quadratus Lumborum (unilaterally).

Trunk Rotators

Internal Obliques (ipsilateral) and External Obliques (contralateral).

Transverse Abdominis Location

Deepest abdominal muscle beneath internal obliques with horizontal fibers.

Transverse Abdominis Primary Role

Stabilizes the spine and pelvis before limb movement occurs.

Scapula Movement during Shoulder Abduction

Upward rotation.

Scapular Elevators

Levator Scapulae and Trapezius (upper fibers).

Scapular Depressors

Serratus Anterior, Pectoralis Minor, and Trapezius (lower fibers).

List three actions of the deltoid muscle and explain each.

Anterior Deltoids: Shoulder Flexion/Horizontal Flexion

Medial Deltoids: Shoulder Abduction

Posterior Deltoids: Shoulder Extension/Horizontal Extension

What movements can the pectoralis major perform?

Shoulder Flexion, Shoulder Horizontal Flexion, Shoulder Adduction

Explain the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles.

Stabilizes the humeral Head into the glenoid fossa.

Name the four rotator cuff muscles.

Supraspinatus- Abduction

Infraspinatus-External Rotation

Teres Minor-External Rotation

Subscapularis -Internal Rotation

What movement do the latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii, and posterior deltoid share?

Shoulder Extension/Shoulder Horizontal Extension

Which muscle assists the deltoid in shoulder abduction and how?

Supraspinatus- works during the first 15 degrees of Abduction.

Medial Deltoid- Prime mover after 15 degrees.

Which muscle flexes both the elbow and the shoulder?

The biceps brachii flexes both the elbow and the shoulder. This muscle is biarticular and performs shoulder flexion and elbow flexion.

Which muscle is responsible for elbow extension?

Triceps Brachii

Describe how the pelvis moves during hip extension.

(tilts) anteriorly

Which joints does the sartorius cross and why is this important?

crosses the hip and the knee

Which joints does the rectus femoris cross?

crosses the hip and the knee (it is biarticular)

Into which structure does the tensor fascia latae insert?

The tensor fascia latae inserts into the Iliotibial band (it band)

List the muscles of the quadriceps group and their primary action.

Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialis

List the hamstring muscles?

Bicep Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus.

What is the function of the semimembranosus muscle?

Hip extension and knee flexion.

Name one muscle in the hip adductor group and its role.

Pectineus

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus

Gracilis

Which muscles insert into the Achilles tendon and what is its function?

Gastrocnemius, Soleus

Which muscle has two heads and contributes to plantar flexion?

Gastrocnemius

Which muscles act as hip extensors?

Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus Medius

Hamstrings Group ( Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus )

Describe the role of the transverse abdominis.

Strengthens the abdominal wall in order to increase intra-abdominal pressure aka "Valsalva maneuver"

Give an example of how an agonist and antagonist work together during a movement.

When the agonist contracts, the antagonist must relax.

When the shoulder abducts, the scapula performs upward rotation.

True

The pectoralis major acts directly on the scapula.

False

When the rotator cuff muscles contract together, they stabilize the head of the humerus in its socket.

True

The supraspinatus assists the deltoid during shoulder abduction.

True

The middle trapezius and rhomboids are the primary muscles responsible for elevating the scapula.

False

The lower trapezius, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior help depress the scapula.

True

The biceps brachii is an elbow extensor.

False

The pelvis moves into an anterior tilt when the hips extend.

True

The rectus femoris crosses both the hip and knee joints.

True

The tensor fascia latae inserts into the Achilles tendon.

Flase

The gastrocnemius and soleus both insert into the Achilles tendon.

True

The primary function of the transverse abdominis is to flex the spine.

False