Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan: Emilio Aguinaldo (Reading in Philippine History)

Vocabulary flashcards covering people, places, events, and terms from Emilio Aguinaldo’s memoir and the Biak-na-Bato period as presented in the notes.

Emilio Aguinaldo

First President of the Philippine Republic; led the Philippine Revolution; author of Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan.

Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan

Aguinaldo’s memoir (written 1928–1946) recounting his life, rise in the Katipunan, leadership, and events like Tejeros; published after his death.

Pact of Biak-na-Bato

1897 peace agreement between Aguinaldo and Spanish Governor-General Primo de Rivera that ended a phase of the revolution and led to exile and indemnities.

Biak-na-Bato

Place where the 1897 peace pact was signed; the cease-fire arrangement affecting revolutionary leadership.

Primo de Rivera

Spanish Governor-General who negotiated the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.

Voluntary Exile

Aguinaldo and companions went into exile as part of the Biak-na-Bato peace terms.

Indemnity for Non-Combatants

₱900,000 promised for families affected by the war.

Total Indemnity

₱1.7 million total under Biak-na-Bato terms; Spain did not fully honor.

Installments under Biak-na-Bato

Payments to Aguinaldo: ₱400,000 on departure; ₱200,000 after 800 arms; ₱200,000 after 1,000 arms.

Hong Kong exile

Aguinaldo left for Hong Kong with part of the Biak-na-Bato payments; Spain later failed to honor terms.

1898 Declaration of Independence

Formal declaration of Philippine independence from Spain, following the revolution and exile period.

Reasons for peace with Spain

Military stalemate; internal disagreements after Tejeros; strategic repositioning to regroup and resume fighting.

Tejeros Convention

1897 meeting where Aguinaldo was elected president; sparked conflict with Andres Bonifacio.

Andres Bonifacio

Founder of the Katipunan; opposed at Tejeros; later executed during the revolution.

Procopio Bonifacio

Andres Bonifacio’s brother; tried for treason and executed in 1897.

Magdalo

Cavite-based faction of the Katipunan led by Aguinaldo.

Magdiwang

Cavite faction and rival to Magdalo; involved in leadership disputes during the revolution.

Binakayan

Bloodiest battle in Cavite; Aguinaldo's forces repelled a surprise Spanish attack; trenches were built.

Zapote River

Location of battles near Cavite between Aguinaldo’s forces and Spain.

Imus

Cavite town where Aguinaldo returned; Bonifacio brothers were captured and tried there to prevent bloodshed.

Naic

Site of Spanish attack and revolutionary actions during the period; referenced in Aguinaldo’s memoir.

Kawit, Cavite

Birthplace of Emilio Aguinaldo.

Military Court

Aguinaldo’s court that tried Andres and Procopio Bonifacio for treason during the revolution.

Death of the Bonifacio brothers

Andres and Procopio Bonifacio were executed in 1897 following a court’s sentence.