Skeletal System Anatomy Review

Flashcards covering the terminology of the human skeletal system based on detailed anatomical labels from lecture notes.

Central Canal

The hole located within the osseous tissue, specifically within an osteon.

Canalliculi

The fine lines observed in osseous tissue.

Osteon

The fundamental unit of compact osseous tissue.

Frontal (Bone)

The bone forming the forehead, visible in anterior, lateral, and midsagittal views.

Supraorbital Margin

The thickened upper ridge of the eye socket on the frontal bone.

Nasal (Bone)

The bone forming the bridge of the nose.

Inferior Nasal Concha

A thin, curved bone located on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

Vomer (Bone)

The bone that forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

Maxillary/Maxilla (Bone)

The bone that forms the upper jaw and contains the maxillary sinus.

Sphenoid (Bone)

A complex bone at the base of the skull, visible from anterior and superior interior views.

Zygomatic (Bone)

The cheek bone.

Infraorbital Foramen

An opening in the maxilla located below the orbit.

Perpendicular Plate

A vertical plate observed in the anterior view of the skull, part of the ethmoid bone.

Alveolar Process/Margin

The ridge on the maxilla and mandible that contains the tooth sockets.

Palatine Process

The anterior portion of the hard palate formed by the maxilla.

Styloid Process

A sharp, needle-like projection on the inferior and lateral views of the skull.

Foramen Magnum

The large opening in the base of the occipital bone for the spinal cord.

Occipital (Bone)

The bone situated at the back and lower part of the skull.

Horizontal Plate

A structure in the inferior view of the skull, part of the palatine bone.

Mastoid Process

A conical prominence of the temporal bone behind the ear.

Occipital Condyle

Projections on the occipital bone that articulate with the first cervical vertebra.

Carotid Canal

A passage in the temporal bone for the internal carotid artery.

Jugular Foramen

A large opening in the skull base for the internal jugular vein.

External Acoustic Meatus

The canal leading to the eardrum, visible in the lateral view.

Temporal (Bone)

Bone on the side of the skull that houses hearing and equilibrium structures.

Squamous Suture

The joint between the temporal and parietal bones.

Zygomatic Process

A projection of the temporal bone that helps form the zygomatic arch.

Parietal (Bone)

Bones forming the bulk of the cranial vault's roof and sides.

Lambdoid Suture

The joint between the parietal bones and the occipital bone.

Sagittal Suture

The joint between the two parietal bones.

Cribriform Plates

Perforated structures in the ethmoid bone within the cranium.

Internal Acoustic Meatus

An opening in the temporal bone within the cranial cavity.

Greater Wings

The larger, lateral projections of the sphenoid bone.

Lesser Wings

The smaller, anterior projections of the sphenoid bone.

Crista Galli

A superior projection of the ethmoid bone in the interior cranium.

Hypophyseal Fossa

The depression in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland.

Sphenoidal Sinus (Space)

A mucous-membrane-lined air space within the sphenoid bone.

Frontal Sinus (Space)

An air-filled cavity within the frontal bone.

Maxillary Sinus (Space)

The largest of the paranasal sinuses, located in the maxilla.

Mental Foramen

An opening on the lateral side of the mandible for nerves and vessels.

Coronoid Process

A thin, flattened projection on the anterior portion of the mandibular ramus.

Mandibular Condyle

The articular process of the mandible that fits into the mandibular fossa.

Ramus

The vertical portion of the mandible.

Angle

The junction where the ramus and body of the mandible meet.

Mandibular Foramen

An opening on the internal surface of the ramus of the mandible.

Hyoid Bone

A U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

Vertebral Foramen

The opening in a vertebra through which the spinal cord passes.

Lamina

The part of the vertebral arch between the spinous and transverse processes.

Pedicle

The segment of the vertebral arch connecting the body to the transverse process.

Body/Centrum

The thick, weight-bearing anterior part of a vertebra.

Transverse Process

A lateral projection from the vertebral arch.

Spinous Process

The posterior projection from the vertebral arch.

Superior Articular Facet

The surface on a vertebra that articulates with the vertebra above it.

Inferior Articular Facet

The surface on a vertebra that articulates with the vertebra below it.

Transverse Foramen

Characteristic openings in the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae.

Costal Facet

Site on thoracic vertebrae where ribs attach.

Manubrium

The superior portion of the sternum.

True Ribs

Ribs that attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage.

False Ribs

Ribs that attach indirectly or do not attach to the sternum.

Floating Ribs

False ribs that have no anterior attachment.

Costal Cartilage

Segments of hyaline cartilage that connect the ribs to the sternum.

Sternum

The breastbone.

Costal Groove

A furrow on the inferior border of a rib.

Tubercle

A small bump on a rib that articulates with a thoracic vertebra's transverse process.

Acromial End

The lateral end of the clavicle.

Sternal End

The medial end of the clavicle articulating with the sternum.

Subscapular Fossa

A large shallow depression on the anterior surface of the scapula.

Coracoid Process

A hook-like structure on the superior, anterior edge of the scapula.

Acromion

The lateral extension of the spine of the scapula.

Glenoid Cavity/Fossa

The socket in the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.

Supraspinous Fossa

The area superior to the spine of the scapula.

Spine of Scapula

A prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the scapula.

Infraspinous Fossa

The area inferior to the spine of the scapula.

Greater Tubercle

A large projection on the lateral surface of the proximal humerus.

Intertubercular Groove

A furrow between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus.

Lesser Tubercle

A smaller projection on the anterior surface of the proximal humerus.

Deltoid Tuberosity

A rough, V-shaped area on the humerus shaft for muscle attachment.

Lateral Epicondyle

A small projection on the lateral distal end of the humerus.

Medial Epicondyle

A prominent projection on the medial distal end of the humerus.

Capitulum

A rounded lateral condyle on the distal humerus.

Trochlea

A pulley-shaped medial condyle on the distal humerus.

Olecranon Fossa

A deep depression on the posterior distal humerus.

Olecranon

The prominent proximal end of the ulna forming the elbow.

Trochlear Notch

The large C-shaped notch on the proximal ulna.

Radial Notch

A small depression on the proximal ulna for the head of the radius.

Styloid Process (Ulna)

A distal projection on the medial side of the ulna.

Head (Radius)

The disc-shaped proximal end of the radius.

Radial Tuberosity

A roughened projection on the proximal radius for the biceps brachii.

Ulnar Notch

A distal depression on the radius that articulates with the ulna.

Styloid Process (Radius)

A distal projection on the lateral side of the radius.

Scaphoid

A boat-shaped carpal bone in the proximal row.

Lunate

A crescent-shaped carpal bone.

Triquetrum

A carpal bone in the proximal row of the wrist.

Pisiform

A small, pea-shaped carpal bone.

Trapezium

A distal carpal bone articulating with the thumb.

Trapezoid

A carpal bone in the distal row of the hand.

Capitate

The largest carpal bone, located centrally in the distal row.

Hamate

A carpal bone characterized by a hook-like process.

Metacarpal $I$

The first bone of the palm, located at the base of the thumb.

Distal Phalanx

The bone at the very tip of the fingers or toes.