Cognition, Language, and Intelligence in Psychology

Cognition

Mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding.

Cognitive Psychology

Field studying how people think and process information.

Concepts

Mental categories for organizing information and experiences.

Prototype

Best or most typical example of a concept.

Natural Concepts

Concepts formed through direct or indirect experiences.

Artificial Concepts

Concepts defined by specific rules or characteristics.

Schema

Cognitive framework for organizing and interpreting concepts.

Role Schema

Expectations and norms related to a social role.

Event Schema

Typical sequence of actions in specific situations.

Language

Communication system using words and rules for information.

Phonetic Discrimination

Ability to distinguish different sounds in words.

Linguistic Relativity

Language influences thought processes and perception.

Problem Solving

Process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues.

Trial and Error

Trying different solutions until the problem is solved.

Algorithm

Step-by-step formula for solving problems.

Heuristic

General framework for problem-solving strategies.

Crystalized Intelligence

Knowledge and skills acquired through experience and education.

Fluid Intelligence

Capacity to think logically in novel situations.

Emotional Intelligence

Ability to manage and understand one's own emotions.

Cultural Intelligence

Ability to interact effectively across cultures.

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Theory categorizing intelligence into analytical, creative, practical.

Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory

Theory on cognitive abilities and general intelligence.

Range of Reaction

Genetic potential influenced by environmental factors.

Creativity

Ability to generate new and valuable ideas.

Divergent Thinking

Exploring multiple solutions in a non-linear way.

Convergent Thinking

Finding the best solution through logical evaluation.