Equine Preventive Medicine Exam 2

This virus has a long incubation period and it is a chronic & deadly disease (not the specific disease):

Lentivirus

Equine Infectious Anemia is considered a:

Lentivirus

True or false: Equids contract EIA through transmission of blood from an infected horse

True

Which is not a typical/common clinical sign of a horse who is actively suffering from EIA?

Hyperexcitability

True or false: Horses can become inapparent/chronic carriers of EIA

True

ELISA or AGID: More sensitive EIA test, more likely to show false positives

ELISA

ELISA or AGID: Definitive EIA test, less likely to show a positive result early on in infection

AGID

What is the appropriate treatment for a horse that receives a final positive diagnosis for Equine Infectious Anemia? (2.5)

Isolation and euthanasia/destruction

True or false: Equine Infectious Anemia is a 'reportable disease'.  If a horse tests positive on a Coggins Test, then the state veterinarian becomes involved in the case

True

Where are parasite eggs shed in?

Feces

Do parasite eggs develop into larvae inside of outside of the horse?

Outside

Where do horses pick up larvae?

Stall/pasture

“Oxyuris equi” are what?

Pinworms

Which parasites do females crawl out of rectum and lay/glue eggs around the rectum?

Pinworms

What is the biggest classic sign of pinworms?

Tail rubbing

How are pinworms diagnosed?

Looking for eggs via scotch tape around anus

Can pinworms be diagnosed with a fecal?

Nope

Which dewormers can be used to treat pinworms?

Benzimidazoles and pyrantel

“Parascaris equorum” are what?

Roundworms

Where do adult and immature larvae live in the horse?

Small intestine

Which parasite is the most important/significant in foals?

Roundworms

Horses are usually resistant to which parasite infections?

Roundworms

Roundworms can cause a what?

Small intestine obstruction

What can result with a poor response to medication and surgery for roundworms?

Colic

What is verminous pneumonia?

Larvae migrating

What are 2 signs of roundworms in foals?

Pneumonia and nasal discharge

When should foals start to be dewormed?

2 months

What type of dewormer is used for roundworms?

Benzimidazoles

“Anoplocephala perfoliata” are what?

Tapeworms

Which type of parasite affects most species of animals?

Tapeworms

Tapeworms are found where (geography)?

Worldwide

What do horses ingest to get tapeworms?

Orbatid mites

How long does it take for tapeworms to develop in the horse?

10 weeks

What season(s) are orbatid mites most prevalent?

Spring, early summer, fall

Where do tapeworms attach themselves to in the horse?

End of small intestine

What contains tapeworm eggs?

Proglottids

How are tapeworms diagnosed (3)?

ELISA, surgery, necropsy

What is the drug of choice for tapeworm treatment?

Praziquantel

When should you deworm for tapeworms?

End of summer/early fall

“Strongylus vulgaris” are what?

Strongyles

How do horses contract strongyles?

Ingesting larvae

What kind of damage do large strongyles cause?

Arterial

Arterial blockage caused by circulating blood clot:

Thromboembolism

Lack of blood flow:

Thrombosis

Inflammation of the abdominal cavity:

Peritonitis

What is the most deleterious GI parasite in the horse?

Large strongyles

How can large strongyles be prevented?

Pick up manure

How can large strongyles be killed?

Common dewormers

“Cyathostomes” are what?

Small strongyles

Where do small strongyles live inside of the horse?

Wall of large intestine

What is the current most important adult worm problem in the horse?

Small strongyles

Small strongyles are very easy or very hard to kill with dewormers?

Very hard

What is the dewormer of choice for small strongyles?

Moxidectin

What is the second choice dewormer for small strongyles?

Ivermectin

“Gasterophilus spp.” are what?

Bots

“Strongyloides westeri” are what?

Threadworms

How are strongyloides passed to foals?

Mare’s milk

“Trichostrongylus axei” are what?

Hairworms

Current deworming practices are heavily dependent on what?

Fecal egg count

Quantitative or qualitative: Fecal egg count

Quantitative

Quantitative or qualitative: Fecal

Qualitative

Fecal egg count or Fecal: Measurement of a certain amount of a certain type of parasite eggs per a certain amount of manure

Fecal egg count

Which is more expensive, fecal egg count or fecal?

Fecal egg count

For fecal egg count, 0-200 EPG is a _____ shedder

Low

For fecal egg count, 200-500 EPG is a _____ shedder

Moderate

For fecal egg count, 500+ EPG is a _____ shedder

High

_____ dewormers kill one at a time

Purge

How often should adult and young adult horses be dewormed with a purge product?

1-2x yearly

How often should foals be dewormed?

Every 2-4 months

What should foals be dewormed with?

Fenbendazole

How often should horses be dewormed with a product containing praziquantel?

1x yearly

How many teeth do adult horses have?

36-44

How many incisors do horses have?

12

How many canines do horses have?

4

How many premolars do horses have?

12-16

How many molars do horses have?

12

The maxilla is _____ than the mandible

Wider

Maxillary teeth are _____ than mandibular teeth

Wider

Continual eruption is opposed by abrasion is called…

Hypsodont teeth

Between ages 2-5, horses shed _____ teeth

24+

“Occlusal Equilibrium” is fancy talk for:

Float

How long is the incubation period of EIA?

1-6 weeks

An AGID test is also called a _____ _____

Coggins test