Health Science 1 Unit 1.01

anatomical position

the body is facing forward, standing erect, feet paralel, holding arms at side with palms facing forward

directional terms

refer to the location of a structure or the relative position of a body part to another one

anterior

on the front of the body

posterior

on the back of the body

ventral

on the front of the body

dorsal

on the back of the body

cranial

referst to the head

caudal

refers to the tail or tailbone

superior

refers to the head, top, or upper body or section

inferior

refers to the tail, bottom, or lower body or section

medial

refers to the middle

lateral

refers to the side

proximal

refers to the nearest to the point of reference

distal

refers to the farthest from the point of reference

superficial

on or near the surface

deep

on the inside

planes

an imaginary line that divides the body or an organ into sections

sagittal plane

divides the body into right and left sides (mid-sagittal divides the body into equal halves)

frontal plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections (ventral and dorsal)

transverse plane

divides the body into top and bottom sections

Body Cavaties

spaces within the body that contain and protect organs

Abdominal cavatiy

contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, large and small intestines, and the appendix

cranial cavity

contains the brain

dorsal cavity

contains the brain and spinal cord

pelvic cavity

contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

spinal cavity

contains the spinal cord

thoracic cavity

contains the heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, esopagus, and thymus gland

Abdominal Quadrants

four subdivsion used to reference abdominal organs

RUQ

right upper quadrant

RLQ

right lower quadrant

LUQ

left upper quadrant

LLQ

left lower quadrant

abdominal/pelvic regions

subdivisions of the combined abdominal and pelvic (ventral) cavity

epigastric

the area just below the sternum (middle top)

umbilical

the area around the navel or umbilicus (middle middle)

hypogastric

the area below the stomach; the pubic area (bottom middle)

hypochondriac

the area below the ribs (two ribs, left and right)

Iliac

the area to the right and left of the pubic area; aka inguinal area (bottom left and right)

Lumbar

the area on each side of the umbilicus; extends from anterior to posterior (middle left and right)

idiopathic

disease of undetermined cause

diagnosis

test and lab work ran

prn

use as needed

BID

twice a day

C (with line over it)

with

S (with line over it)

without

TID

three times a day

QID

four times a day

STAT

quick; urgent

supine position

laying on spine, face up

prone position

laying on stomach, face down

subjecttive

speaks-patient tells you whats wrong

objective

observe-you observe for yourself, blood pressure, vital signs