Heme II Important Values

Factor I Name

fibrinogen

Factor I, II V, have what PT/aPTT

increased PT

Increased aPTT

Factor II Name

prothrombin

Factor III Name

thromboplastin

Factor IV Name

calcium

Factor V Name

Labile factor

Factor VII name

Stable factor

Factor VIII name

Antihemophilic factor A

Facor IX name

Christmas Factor

Factor X name

Stuart Prower

Factor XI name

Plasma thromboplastin antecedent

Factor XII name

Hageman

Factor XIII name

fibrin stabalizing factor

Factors VIII, IX, XI and XII have what PT/aPTT

normal PT

increased aPTT

Factor VII has what PT/aPTT

increased PT

normal aPTT

Factor XIII has what PT/aPTT

normal PT

normal aPTT

Stage 1 IDA

decreased ferritin

Granulocytic myeloblast

first

Granulocyte progranulocyte

second

Neutrophilic myelocyte

Basophilic myelocyte

Eosinophilic myelocyte

Abnormal GPIb

Bernard soulier

Polychromasia

RBCs with increased bluish-gray staining due to residual RNA

Coagulation studies PT/aPTT tube color

Light blue

Microcytic

MCV < 80

Normocytic

MCV 80-100

Macrocytic

MCV > 100

Normal MCHC

32-36 g/dL

Spherocytosis/dehydration

MCHC >36 g/dL

Hypochromic

MCHC <32 g/dL

Normal MCH

27-33 pg

Hyperchromic

MCH >33 pg

Hypochromic

MCH <27 pg

Spherocyte

Plasminogen → Plasmin

tPA Breaks down fibrin/clot

Fibrinogen → Fibrin

Thrombin (Factor IIa) Builds the clot

Prothrombin → Thrombin

Prothrombinase complex (Xa + Va)

Fibrin → fibrin degradation products

Plasmin Breaks down the clot

Coagulation phase 1

initiation

Initiation

Coagulation starts at the site of injury

Tissue factor + VII → Xa → small amount of thrombin

Coagulation phase 2

Amplification

Amplification

Prepares platelets and coagulation factors

Thrombin activates platelets, V, VIII, XI

Coagulation phase 3

Propagation

Xa + Va = prothrombinase → LOTS of thrombin

Propagation

Big thrombin production

Coagulation phase 4

Stabilization

Stabilization

Strong, stable clot forms

Thrombin → fibrinogen → fibrin; XIII cross-links fibrin

Schistocyte

Helmet cell

Stomatocyte

Ovalocyte

Acanthocyte

Spur cell

Echinocyte

Burr cell

Teardrop cell / Dacrocyte

Aplastic anemia

Hypocellular marrow

No major abnormal cells/blasts

pancytopenia

Retics ↓

Usually normocytic/normochromic

Acute leukemia

Maybe pancytopenia

Retics can be ↓

Blasts in peripheral blood/BM

BM is packed with abnormal cells

Iron deficiency anemia

RBC ↓

Microcytic ⭐

Hypochromic

Retics ↓

WBC/platelets usually aren't all decreased

B12/folate deficiency

Anemia

Macrocytic

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Retics ↓

Can cause pancytopenia

Fanconi anemia

inherited aplastic

physical abnormalities

breakage with DNA crosslinking agents (mitomycin C)

hereditary elliptocytosis

defective spectrin

sideroblastic anemia

increased iron

decreased ferritin

normal TIBC

ring sideroblasts

Metamyelocyte

Promyelocyte

Myeloblast

Segmented neutrophil

Prorubricyte

first recognizable erythroid precursor

Mixing test correcting means?

Factor deficiency

Mixing test not correcting means?

inhibitor

Which test for extrinsic/common pathways?

PT

Which test for intrinsic pathway?

aPTT

P. malariae

Infects older RBCs

40–72 hr fever cycle, band forms

P. vivax

Young RBCs (reticulocytes)

Enlarged RBCs, Schüffner dots

P. ovale

Young RBCs (reticulocytes)

Enlarged, oval/fimbriated RBCs

P. falciparum

RBCs of all ages

Most severe; multiple rings/RBC, banana-shaped gametocytes

warfarin affects what factors

II, VII, IX, X

Factor V Leiden

Factor V resistance to activated protein C

Mature neutrophil

segmented nucleus

INR equation

(Patient PT/Control PT)^ISI

Enterocyte

iron absorption from small intestine

rubriblast

Earliest recognizable erythroid precursor in bone marrow

starts RBC production

Sideroblast

Immature RBC precursor that incorporates iron → heme

Hepatocyte

Stores iron as ferritin/hemosiderin

produces hepcidin

Controls iron availability

GPIb

binds vWF

Platelet adhesion

GPIIb/IIIa

Fibrinogen

Platelet aggregation

Purple tube

CBC

EDTA

binds calcium strongly

Blue tube

coagulation

sodium citrate

binds calcium reversibly

Green tube

chemistry

heparin inhibits thrombin no clots

Gray tube

glucose (glycolysis inhibitor)

fluoride