Chemistry- Chapter 22 Ions

Why does Bonding Occur?

Atoms with unfilled outer shells are considered unstable. So atoms form bonds to become more stable.

Atoms will try to fill their
Atoms become more

or

outer shells

stable by filling their outer shells

meeting the octet rule by getting 8 valence electrons.

Two types of Bonds

Covalent and Ionic

How are Ions formed?

They are formed by atoms gaining or losing electrons

Positive Ions are called

while negative ions are called

cations

anions

Cations are formed when an atom \

Typically metals

loses electrons

are cations

Anions

are typically non metals and form when an atom gain electrons

Ionic bond are formed between

metals and nonmetals, furthermore, they are formed between oppositely charged atoms(anions and cations)ionic compounds through the transfer of electrons.

Covalent electrons are formed between

two nonmetals

Covalent bonds are formed when atoms

Both atoms need to gain electrons

Atoms can share more than one pair of electrons to create double and triple bonds.

share the electrons

to become stable so they can share the electrons

Results in a

Weak

The state of the matter is usually

neutral molecule

bonds

liquids or gasses

Covalent Bonds have:

Low

poor

melting and boiling point

conductors of heat and electricity.

Atoms can share their electrons

When atoms share electrons equally it is called a

Exampls of nonpolor covalent bonds are

When atoms share electrons unequally it is called a

An example of a poor covalent covalent bond is

equally or unequally

nonpolar covalent bond

H2 and Cl2

polar covalent bond

H2O