biol 242 - ch 27 male reproductive system

function & location of gonads

sperm-producing, known as the testes and lies within the scrotum

function & location of scrotum

sac of skin & superficial fascia that hangs outside the abdominopelvic cavity. houses the testes and temp regulation

function & location of dartos muscle

a layer of smooth muscle in the superficial fascia that wrinkles the scrotal skin

function & location of cremaster muscle

bands of skeletal muscle that arise from the internal oblique muscles of the trunk, elevating the testes

function & location of the epididymis

where the sperm matures, it is a comma shaped organ that arches over the posterior and lateral side of the testis

function & location of ductus deferens

transports sperm during ejaculation. follows the epididymis, running upward through the inguinal canal into the pelvic cavity

function & location of ejaculatory duct

is formed by the ductus deferens and ampulla, emptying into the urethra

function & location of urethra

transports urine and semen. has both urinary and reproductive system

function & location of penis

copulatory organ that delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract

function & location of seminal glands

secretions account for 70% of semen volume. lies posteriorly on the bladder surface

function & location of prostate

doughnut shaped gland, size of a peach pit. encircles the urethra. during ejaculation, prostatic smooth muscle contracts, secreting prostatic urethra, playing a role in activating sperm

function & location of bulbo urethral glands

pea size, inferior to the prostate in the urogenital diaphragm. produces a thick, clear mucus, which drains into spongy urethra, neutralizing traces of acidic urine. aids in lubrication when men are excited

function & structure of testes

paired, oval organs located in the scrotum, surrounded by tunica albuginea

exocrine function - produces sperm

endocrine function - leydig cells between tubules secrete testosterone

function & structure of seminiferous tubules

highly convoluted tubules within the testes that form sperm cells, is the main site of spermatogenesis

function of spermatogenic cells

gives rise to sperm, found enveloped by the sustenocytes

function of sustenocytes

large, columnar cells that support and play several roles in sperm formation

function of interstitial endocrine cells

called leydig cells, produces androgens, small amounts of estrogen, which they secrete into the surrounding fluid

benign prostatic hyperplasia

benign growth of cells within the prostate gland, urination becomes difficult, leading to incomplete bladder emptying

prostatitis

acute or chronic inflammatory condition of the prostate that is associated with infection. usually caused by E. coli

prostate cancer

cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in men middle-aged and older, prostate cancer metastases are often dependent on testosterone

spermatogenesis

overall process of sperm cell formation from stem cells in the testes, occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. goes through mitosis and meiosis to make haploid spermatids

Spermiogenesis

final stage of spermatogenesis where spermatids mature. remodeling spermatids into mature spermatozoa

what cells produce testosterone

leydig cells (interstitial cells) produce testosterone under the influence of luteinizing hormone (LH) of the anterior pituitary gland

what cells produce ABP

androgen binding protein is produced by the sertoli cells (sustentacular cells) in the seminiferous tubules and are under the influence of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland

effects of viagra

affects the blood flow, boosting an erection by keeping the blood flow high in the penis, must be sexually excited