echo urr

What is foreman ovale?

Opening septum between right and left atrium, bypasses fetal lungs

What does the eustachian valve do in foreman ovale ?

Directs flow entering RA from vs through foreman ovale in fetus

What happens to pressure in foramen ovale?

Increased left atrial pressure with decreased right atrial pressure allowing small septal flap over opening to remain closed

Where is the atrioventricular valves located?

B/t atria & ventricles

Motion is by papillary muscles & chordae tendinae

What separates the right atrium from right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve

What is the normal mitral and tricuspid valve insertion?

<8mm/m² apart , best evaluated 4ch view

When does the tricuspid valve open?

Opens before and closes after mv

What separates the left atrium from left ventricle?

Mitral valve

Normal valve area for mitral valv e?

4 - 6 cm²

Best seen 4ch & PLAX

What is the semilunar valves between?

Ventricles and outflow tracts ; half moon shaped

What is the normal aortic valve area?

3 - 4cm²

What is the best view for aortic valve?

Parasternal view & apical view

Where is the pulmonary valve best evaluated?

PSAX ; most anterior valve

What is the endocardium?

2 thin layers cover inner border of heart muscle

What is the myocardium?

Muscle layer of heart wall

What is the epicardium ?

Connective tissue

Covers the outer border of heart muscle

AKA visceral pericardium

How much fluid does the pericardial space create?

50cc

B/t the 2 layers of pericardium

What is the normal left ventricle fractional shortening?

>25%

Average left ventricular pressure is?

120/10 mmHg

Where does the left ventricle outflow extend to?

Inner edge to interventricular septum to ending edge of anterior mitral leaflet

What is the left atrium normal AP dimension?

<4cm in PLAX view

What is the normal LA area?

<20 cm²

What pressure range is normal for left atrium?

0-12 mmHg