BIOL 251 MODULE 2 LABORATORY- ORGAN SYSTEMS

Integumentary - consists of:

Skin, hair, nails

Integumentary - functions:

forms the external body tissues

protects deeper tissue from injury

synthesizes vitamin D

location of sensory receptors (pressure, pain, etc) and sweat and oil glands

Skeletal - consists:

Cartilage, joint, bone

Skeletal - functions:

protects and supports body organs

provides framework the muscles use to cause movement

blood cells are formed within the bones

stores minerals

Muscular - consists

skeletal muscles

Muscular - functions:

allows for manipulation of environment, locomotion, and facial expressions

maintains posture

produces heat

provides support and protection of tissues and organs

Nervous - consists:

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptor (in the brain)

Nervous - functions:

fast acting control system of the body

responds to internal and external changes by activating proper muscles and glands

coordinates activities of organ systems

Endocrine - consists:

pituitary, thyroid (parathyroid on posterior), thymus, pineal, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries/testes

Endocrine - functions:

glands secrete hormones that regulate processes like growth (development), reproduction and nutrient use by body cells

regulates long term changes in the organ system

Cardiovascular - consists:

Heart, blood vessels

Cardiovascular - functions:

blood distributes and transports:

oxygen

waste

carbon dioxide

nutrients

hormones

etc

heart pumps blood

Lymphatic - consists:

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels

Lymphatic - functions:

picks up fluid that leaked from the blood vessels and screens it before returning it to the heart

disposes of debris in the lymphatic sys

houses white blood cells involved in immunity

Respiratory - consists:

nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Respiratory - functions:

keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide

gas exchange happens here in the aveoli in the lungs

produces sound to be used as communication

Digestive - consists:

oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

Digestive - functions:

breaks food down to be absorbed as nutrients that enter the blood for distribution to the body cells

indigestible food waste eliminated as feces

stores energy reserves

Urinary - consists:

kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra

Urinary - functions:

eliminates nitrogen-containing waste from the body

regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base (pH) balance of the body

Reproductive - consists: (males)

seminal vesicle, prostate gland, penis, testes, scrotum

Reproductive - functions: (males)

testes produce sperm and male sex hormone

ducts aid in delivery of viable sperm to female reproductive tract

Reproductive - consists: (females)

mammary, vagina, ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus

Reproductive - functions: (females)

ovaries produce ova/eggs and female sex hormone

remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and fetal development

mammary glands produce milk to nourish newborns

produce oocytes and hormones