Mirco Exam 1

Disease-causing microorganisms are called?

Pathogens

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called?

decomposers

The microorganisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called?

Prokaryotes

When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called?

genetic engineering

Which of the following are not considered microorganisms?

Mosquitoes and viruses

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that?

are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Which activity is an example of biotechnology?

Humans use yeast to make beer and wine

Who was the Dutch merchant that made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Pasteur used swan-neck flasks in his experiments to prove that?

dust in air was a source of living microorganisms

Spontaneous generation is the idea that?

living things arise from nonliving matter

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that?

a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?

Kingdom

Select the correct order of taxa from most inclusive to least inclusive

Phylum, class, order, family, genus

Which of the following is a scientific name?

Bacillus subtilis

Taxonomy does not involve

Koch's postulates

The smallest taxon is?

species

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called?

phylogeny

Helminths are?

parasitic worms

All of the following pertain to photosynthesis, except?

it occurs only in members of the kingdom Plantae

Organisms called parasites are?

always harmful to their host

Who was the surgeon that advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery?

Joseph Lister

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis?

Robert Koch

Which of the following lists the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy (left to right)?

Family, genus, species

When assigning a scientific name to an organism?

both genus and species names are italicized or underlined

Which of the following are the main decomposers of the earth?

Bacteria and fungi

All of the following are correct about prokaryotes, except?

they have organelles

Which scientist discovered heat-resistant bacterial spores?

Ferdinand Cohn

Which of the following is the correct way to write the scientific name of this bacterium?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which environment are prokaryotes belonging to domain Archaea typically associated?

A hot spring

When microbes are introduced into the environment to restore stability, the process is called

bioremediation

Cyanide is a chemical used to dissolve gold and is harmful to the environment and organisms living there. A couple of biochemists came up with the idea of using the bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas to break down the cyanide used by a gold mining company. Which term refers to this use of bacteria?

Bioremediation

Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of the same kingdom.

True

Members of the kingdom Fungi are photosynthetic?

False

A scientist studying helminths is working with bacteria

False

The term sterile means free of all life forms.

True

All microorganisms are parasites.

False

One classically distinguishing characteristic of archaea is that they generally live in extreme environments.

True

Recently, a particular virus has been mentioned in the news, with many cases in Central and South America and increasing numbers of cases in the United States. Five years ago this particular virus was essentially unheard of in these areas. This is an example of?

an emerging infectious disease

You identify a new species of microorganism living in an undersea thermal vent. The microbe is a single cell organism lacking a nucleus. Which domain would be least likely to include your new species?

Domain Eukarya

Some microorganisms can photosynthesize, but their overall contribution to Earth's atmospheric oxygen is very small in comparison to plant photosynthesis.

False

Any microorganism on or in the human body is considered a pathogen.

False

Who discovered penicillin?

Alexander Fleming

What is the name of the bacterium that causes syphilis?

Treponema Pallidum

Common cure for syphilis today?

Penicillin

Name one difference between prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes does not have a nucleus and Eukaryotes does have a nucleus.

What milder form of illness did Dr. Jenner use to produce his vaccines?

Cow pox

What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Heterotrophic

What is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Prokaryotic

What are Fungi Rhizopus?

Decomposers

What are Fungi Rhizopus?

Eukaryotic

Which of the following does NOT describe a fungus?

is photosynthetic

Organisms in the same Family must also be in the same Class.

True

Organisms in the Domain Archaea have more DNA sequence similarity to:

Humans which are in the Domain Eukarya

In order to get the best resolution possible with a light microscope, you would want:

shorter wavelengths of light and a higher numerical aperture

Locate the bacteria in this light micrograph of pus; is it Gram + or Gram -?

Gram –

What type of medium allows certain microbes to grow, but inhibits others from growing?

Selective medium

What type of organisms does NOT use oxygen in metabolism?

Anaerobic

What color would your carb fermentation medium be if your microbe being tested DOES have the enzymes to break down the carbs?

Yellow

CHROMagar contains several dyes and is used to diagnose Urinary Tract Infections. The patient’s sample is inoculated and based on the color of the colonies you can identify the pathogen. CHROMagar is best described as:

Differential

Would viruses have the characteristics of life?

No

What type of cork-screw shaped bacteria have these type of flagella?

Spirochetes

What structure is used for conjugation?

Pili

What is the function of fimbriae?

adhesion to other cells & surfaces

What type of glycocalyx is highly organized & tightly fastened to cell surface?

Capsule

What type of flagellum do spirochetes have?

Periplasmic flagellum

What do microbes form as an aggregate community using their glycocalyces, fimbriae, and pili?

Biofilm

Which of the following is NOT found in the Gram-Negative cell wall structure?

Teichoic acids or ribosomes

What type of cell wall has an outer membrane?

Gram-negative

What is dissolved by the alcohol in a Gram stain?

Outer membrane

Which type of cell wall stains purple in the first step of the Gram stain?

Both

What is the general term for the type of molecule that forms 2 layers in the bacterial cell membranes?

Phospholipid bilayer

Round bacterial cells growing in irregular clusters would be best described as:

Staphylococci

Organisms in the Domain Archaea have peptidoglycan in their cell wall?

False

Microbiology terminology for: round cell?

Coccus

Microbiology terminology for: Chain arrangement?

Strepto

Microbiology terminology for: Paired arrangement?

Diplo

The six "I's" of studying microorganisms include all of the following except?

infection

Which of the following is essential for development of discrete, isolated colonies?

Solid medium

The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is?

inoculation

A pure culture contains only?

one species of microorganism

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?

The culture is contaminated

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

The culture medium must be selective

Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar and some colonies on the surface?

Pour plate

A reducing medium contains?

substances that remove oxygen

A nutrient medium that has all of its chemical components identified and their precise concentrations known and reproducible would be termed?

synthetic

Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

Differential

Which of the following characteristics refers to the microscope's ability to show two entities as separate and distinct?

Resolving power

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce the real image of the specimen?

Objective lens

If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?

95X

The wavelength of light used plus the numerical aperture governs?

resolution

All of the following are diameters of cells that would be resolved in a microscope with a limit of resolution of 0.2 µm except?

0.1 µm

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is?

dark-field

Which microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

Electron

Which microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?

Electron microscope

Which microscope is the most widely used to show stained cells against a bright background?

Bright-field

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is?

hanging drop

The primary purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to?

add contrast in order to see them better

The Gram stain and acid-fast stain?

are differential stains

A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler's methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of?

simple staining

Media that contains extracts from plants, animals, or yeasts are?

complex