RMI123 Infections Control ppt

Flashcards about Infection Control.

What are the four major groups of infectious pathogens?

Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Parasites and prions

Name two examples of diseases caused by bacteria.

TB and Strep

List some diseases caused by viruses.

Herpes simplex and zoster, cold, mumps, measles, hepatitis

What are the two types of acquired infections?

Community and Hospital

What are the causes of Nosocomial Infections?

Environment, Therapeutic regimen, Equipment, Contamination during medical procedures

What are the three sites of Nosocomial Infections?

the Urinary tract, Postsurgical wounds, and the Respiratory tract

Name some examples of communicable diseases?

Flu, Ebola, HIV, Chickenpox, Mumps and measles, Coronavirus

Name some examples of Multidrug Resistant Organisms?

MRSA, VRSA, VRE, C. difficile, ESBL

List some of the Various Agencies in place?

TJC, OSHA, CDC, USPH, FDA, WHO, UNCF, DHHS, EPA, NCA

List the components of the Cycle of Infection

An infectious agent, Reservoir (host), Exit portal, Means of transmission, Entry portal

Differentiate between Direct and Indirect Means of Transmission?

Direct - From person to person, Indirect - Fomite, Vehicle, Vectors, Droplet, Airborne

How can disease transmission be prevented?

Standard precautions, Medical asepsis, Surgical asepsis

What is used to clean equipment and what is the method?

75% ethanol and from Least to most dirty

What are the steps for infection control in the NICU?

Clean with disinfectant wipes, Hands must be scrubbed for 3 minutes, Gown, Gonadal shielding, If ill, don’t go

What are the steps in Transferring Patients with Disease?

Mask, Wrap patient, Clean

What are two methods of health care worker protection?

Immunization and PPE

What are universal precautions?

Blood and body fluid precautions, Only known cases

What are standard precautions?

Focus on prevention of spread

What are the CDC Standard Precautions?

Hand hygiene; Use of PPE when possible exposure is expected; Respiratory hygiene/cough and sneeze etiquette; Sharps safety to include injection and disposal; Sterile instruments and devices; Clean and disinfected environmental surfaces; Ensures appropriate patient placement

What PPE should be worn as part of standard precautions?

Gloves at all times; Masks, eye protection, face shields; Gowns

What is the purpose of Transmission-based Precautions?

Used in addition to standard precautions

What are the two types of contact precautions?

Direct contact and Indirect contact

What are some droplet precautions?

Patient sneezes, coughs, or talks; A private room; door may be left open; A mask when less than 3 feet to patient; Standard precautions

What are some airborne infection isolation precautions?

Evaporated droplets inhaled by others; A private room; Negative air pressure ventilation; Mask; Standard precautions

What is the purpose of protective precautions?

Protect the patient

Describe main actions involved in Isolation Procedures

Assemble equipment; Gown must be tied; Gloves over cuffs; Push in mobile; Place IR; Change gloves; Remove mobile; Remove IR with help from assistant

Describe the process of Removing PPE

Waist tie first; Remove gloves; Top tie; Under cuff of first sleeve, second sleeve with covered hand; Gown inside out, roll; Cap and mask; Wash hands

What are some Psychological Considerations for isolation?

Loneliness

When do you perform Medical Handwashing?

Beginning of workday; After every patient; After contact with blood or body fluids; Prior to an invasive procedure; Before touching high-risk patients

What is the procedure for medical handwashing?

3 minutes, 30 sec, 15 sec; Hands lower than elbows; Wash above the wrists

What are the categories of Chemical Disinfectants?

High level, Intermediate level, Low level

What is Disinfection?

Remove (not kill) microorganism

What is Surgical asepsis?

Complete removal of microorganisms and spores

What are the rules of Surgical Asepsis?

Know what is sterile and what is not; Don’t know? Don’t use; Separate sterile from nonsterile; Fix what you contaminate; If sterile is touched by nonsterile, it is contaminated; Once field is created, don’t leave; Below waist is not sterile; Wet field is not sterile

What are the Methods of Sterilization?

Steam under pressure, Chemical sterilization, Ethylene oxide, Removal of microorganisms and spores must be complete

What are some Sterile Procedures?

Opening packs, Skin preparation, Draping, Dressing change

How do you open a sterile pack?

Check date and condition always, Order of opening (Away, sides, toward is always last)

What are the two aspects of Skin Preparation?

Mechanical and Chemical

What materials are used for Draping for Procedure?

Fenestrated drape and Towels

When and how do you perform a Dressing Change?

Only if need to be removed, Sterile procedure, Can be done with clean gloves; Tape and gloves don’t mix, Clean gloves, touch only top of dressing, Change gloves, Put dressing sterile side down, Tape in place

What are the guidelines for Storage?

Covered or closed cabinets, Never under sink, Shelf-life, Integrity, Expiration date, Allow air to circulate, Keep items separate

What are the guidelines for Linen storage?

Store in closed cabinet, Must stay covered

What are the steps for a Surgical Scrub?

Aseptic handwash, Use a scrub brush, Hands are up, Above the elbow, Hands first then arms, Four sides, Rinse and repeat

What are the steps you take prior to Sterile Gowning and Gloving?

Open packs of gloves and gowns before scrub, Two types of gloving (Open and Closed)