States of Matter

What is an atom?

The fundamental building block of all matter in the universe.

What is an element?

A substance made of two or more of the same type of atom.

Explain is the difference between a compound and a mixture

A compound is a substance made of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined, whereas a mixture is made of two or more different types of atoms not chemically combined.

List the properties of a solid and explain the arrangement of its particles

• Cannot Flow

• Fixed volume

• Fixed shape

• Cannot be Compressed

• Its atoms are tightly packed together with stronger forces of attraction between them and vibrate in a fixed position.

List the properties of a liquid and explain the arrangement of its particles

• Can Flow

• Cannot be Compressed

• Fixed Volume

• No fixed shape

• Its particles vibrate and slide over each other with weaker forces of attraction as compared to solids

List the properties of a gas and explain the arrangement of its particles

• No fixed shape

• No fixed Volume

• Can flow

• Can be compressed

• Its particles move rapidly in random directions with extremely weak forces of attraction between particles

Name changes in states of matter

Solid → Liquid= Melting

Liquid → Gas = Evaporation/Boiling

Gas→ Liquid = Condensation

Liquid → Solid = Freezing

Solid → Gas = Sublimation

Gas → Solid = Deposition

What are heating and cooling curves?

Line graphs that show us how a substances temperature and states changes over time as heat is steadily added or removed

How do particle arrangements change as the state changes?

As more heat is added between solid → Liquid and Liquid→ Gas, the particles gain more kinetic energy and have more range of movement. Reducing the forces of attraction between them as they begin to move around more rapidly. As heat is reduced between states, the particles lose their kinetic energy and compress to reform stronger states of attraction becoming much more packed together.

Define Diffusion

Diffusion is the process in which particles mix when randomly colliding with each other and bouncing off in different directions.

What is the Kinetic Particle Theory?

A theory that explains that all matter is made of tiny constantly moving particles

What effect does temperature have on the volume of gas?

The higher the temperature the great volume of gas their is because the particles have a greater amount of kinetic energy that allows them to spread out more to push against the walls of the container.

What effect does pressure have on the volume of gas?

An increase in pressure causes a decrease in the volume of gas as the molecules are forced closer together and have a smaller range of motion compressing the gas.

What effect does the mass of a gas’s particles have on its rate of diffusion?

The lighter the mass of the particles the faster the gas will diffuse as all gases have the same kinetic energy at room temperature. But lighter particles require a higher velocity to maintain that level of energy, allowing them to diffuse faster.