History Yearly Year 10 2025

THE HOLOCAUST

Challenges faced by Holocaust survivors after liberation 1 (ph)

physical health - malnutrition, disease, long term injury

THE HOLOCAUST

Challenges faced by Holocaust survivors after liberation 2 (pt)

psychological trauma - ptsd, grief from losing family, survivor guilt

THE HOLOCAUST

Challenges faced by Holocaust survivors after liberation 3 (d)

displacement - many had no homes or families left

THE HOLOCAUST

Challenges faced by Holocaust survivors after liberation 4 (si)

social issues - returning home meant facing antisemitism, hostility, or property loss

THE HOLOCAUST

Challenges faced by Holocaust survivors after liberation 5 (a)

assimilation back into normal life

THE HOLOCAUST

post war refugee experiences - survivors

attempted to return to home countries but had no place to go

were able to return home encountered antisemitism

THE HOLOCAUST

post war refugee experiences - DP camps creation

set up by Allied forces but were compared to concentration camps because of overcrowding

THE HOLOCAUST

post war refugee experiences - 1 (t)

trauma - many refugees lost families and communities leaving them isolated facing deep grief, depression, and health problems

THE HOLOCAUST

post war refugee experiences - 2 (v)

violence/hostility - returning home was not safe

THE HOLOCAUST

post war refugee experiences - 3 (s)

new kinds of societies created - education, culture, religion, family life 

THE HOLOCAUST

post war refugee experiences - 4 (pc)

organized political communities (ie the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US zone of Germany) which demanded recognition, better treatment, and migration opportunities

THE HOLOCAUST

post war refugee experiences - (e)

emigrated to US, UK, Canada, AUS as they didn’t want to live in Germany and Poland

THE HOLOCAUST

War Crime Tribunal Nuremberg Trials - 1945/46 - purpose

bring Nazi leaders to justice for crimes during Holocaust

THE HOLOCAUST

War Crime Tribunal Nuremberg Trials - 1945/46 - organized

organized by Allied powers

THE HOLOCAUST

War Crime Tribunal Nuremberg Trials - 1945/46 - charges

crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, conspiracy to commit the above crimes

THE HOLOCAUST

War Crime Tribunal Nuremberg Trials - 1945/46 - outcomes

24 major Nazi leaders tried - Rudolf Hoess (commandant of Auschwitz hung), individuals can be held responsible for crimes against humanity, precedent for later war crime trials

THE HOLOCAUST

United Nations (formed 1945) - established

after WW2 to prevent global conflict and promote peace

THE HOLOCAUST

United Nations (formed 1945) - main aims

promote human rights and self determination, maintain international peace and security, provide humanitarian aid and protect refugees

THE HOLOCAUST

United Nations (formed 1945) - relevance to Holocaust survivors

1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by UN General Assembly partly as direct response to Holocaust

THE HOLOCAUST

Creation of State of Israel (1948) - context

pre WW2 Zionist movement already called for Jewish homeland, Balfour Declaration 1947 UK supported a “national home for Jewish people” in Palestine

THE HOLOCAUST

Creation of State of Israel (1948) - UN Partition Plan 1947

voted to divide Palestine into a Jewish state and Arab state with Jerusalem under international control, Jewish leaders accepted Arab leaders rejected

THE HOLOCAUST

Creation of State of Israel (1948) - Declaration of Independence May 14 1948

David Ben-Gurion declared creation of state of Israel, seen as safe homeland for Holocaust survivors 

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Indigenous Australians protest methods (p)

petitions - written appeals to gov

William Cooper’s 1933 petition to King George V requesting Aboriginal representation in Parliament

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Indigenous Australians protest methods (pmd)

protest marches and demonstrations - public gatherings to draw attention

Day of Mourning, Protest Rides

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Indigenous Australians protest methods (spl)

speeches and political lobbying

leaders like Jack Patten, William Cooper, Charles Perkins campaigned directly to politicians

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Indigenous Australians protest methods (mc)

media campaign - use of newspapers, posters, later tv coverage

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Indigenous Australians protest methods (da)

direct action - boycotts, sit ins, challenging segregation

Freedom Ride in 1965

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Key events (when & what activists did) Day of Mourning WHEN

26 Jan 1938 150th year of British colonialization

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Key events (when & what activists did)

Day of Mourning WHAT

Aborigines Progressive Association led by Jack Patten and William Cooper organized a protest and conference in Syd, marched to demand citizenships rights and equality, condemning 150 years of dispossession and discrimination

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Key events (when & what activists did) Freedom Ride WHEN

Feb 1965

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Key events (when & what activists did) Freedom Ride WHAT

Charles Perkins and USYD students travelled through rural NSW towns like Kempsey protesting racial segregation in swimming pools, pubs & cinemas and exposed discrimination in housing, health, and education

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Key events (when & what activists did) 1967 Referendum WHEN

27 May 1967

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

Key events (when & what activists did) 1967 Referendum WHAT

Australians voted yes to change constitution after years of campaigning and petitions allowing Aboriginals to be counted in census and gave federal gov power to make laws for them

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

purposes of protests in civil rights movements (1938 - 1967) Day of Mourning (1938)

highlight 150 years of dispossession, violence, and discrimination

demand full citizenship rights

bring national attention to Aboriginal voices

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

purposes of protests in civil rights movements (1938 - 1967) Freedom Ride (1965)

expose and challenge racial segregation

raise public awareness of discrimination

use media coverage to shock wider Aus into recognizing racism and inequality

strengthen national push for reforms

RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS

purposes of protests in civil rights movements (1938 - 1967) 1967 Referendum purpose

achieve legal recognition

allow federal gov to make laws for Aboriginals

ensure Aboriginals included in census

mark major step towards dismantling structural racism

COLD WAR

Nuclear weapons developments

1945 USA drops atomic bombs on Japan

1949 USSR tests first atomic bomb arms race begins

1952-53 US and USSR develop hydrogen bonds

1960s UK France China develop nuclear weapons

COLD WAR

cold war tensions and deterrence’s - tensions

ideological conflicts

proxy wars Korea, Vietnam

Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

space race

COLD WAR

cold war tensions and deterrence’s - deterrence

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) both had built enough to destroy each other, deterring direct war

military strategies (stockpiling nuclear weapons, building long range missiles and bomber fleets)

SALT I (1972) and SALT II (1979) sought to limit nuclear stockpiles showing recognition of catastrophic potential

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Aus foreign policy between 1950s-1970s and its practices - ANZUS

ANZUS alliance 1951, military alliance between aus, nz, us

ensure mutual defense if one country was attacked, strengthen ties with us as main superpower and protector in the pacific region

cemented aus alignment with west during cold war, underpinned aus involvement in conflicts like korea and vietnam

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Aus foreign policy between 1950s-1970s and its practices - SEATO

SEATO alliance 1954

regional defense pact including AUS, NZ, US, UK, France, Thailand, Pakistan, Philippines

contain communism in SE Asia, provide collective security to NATO

justified AUS sending troops to Malayan Emergency and Vietnam War, strengthened AUS commitment to forward defense in Asia

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Aus foreign policy between 1950s-1970s and its practices - Froward Defense Strategy

threats should be neutralized before they reach AUS

sending troops overseas to fight communist expansion (Vietnam, Korea, Malaya), participation in alliances to support collective security

AUS was geographically distant from Europe or US so best defense was to fight communism on Asian soil

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Key events and conflicts - Korean War (1950 - 1953) causes

NK invaded SK in June 1950, part of global Cold War struggle between communism and democracy

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Key events and conflicts - Korean War (1950 - 1953) course

UN forces led by US intervened to defend SK

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Key events and conflicts - Korean War (1950 - 1953) AUS involvement

17000 AUS troops served, fought alongside US, British, and other UN forces, AUS contribution showed commitment to ANZUS and forward defense

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Key events and conflicts - Korean War (1950 - 1953) outcomes

armistice signed 1953, Korea remained divided along 38th parallel, 340 AUS troops killed, 1200 wounded, reinforced AUS role in collective security and commitment to combating communism in Asia

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Key events and conflicts - Malayan Emergency (1948 - 1960) causes

community guerillas (Malayan National Liberation Army) sought to overthrow British colonial rule, seen as AUS as part of global threat to communism in SE Asia

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Key events and conflicts - Malayan Emergency (1948 - 1960) course

guerilla warfare in jungles, British led counter-insurgency campaign, focused on protecting key towns, plantations, and railways

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Key events and conflicts - Malayan Emergency (1948 - 1960) AUS involvement

deployed tropps from 1950-1960, assisted UK under SEATO and forward defense strategy, activities included patrols, jungle warfare, and training Malayan troops

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Key events and conflicts - Malayan Emergency (1948 - 1960) outcomes

emergency declared over in 1960, communist insurgency defeated, AUS forces gained experience in counter-insurgency and jungle warfare, strengthened AUS reputation as reliable in ANZUS and SEATO

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Key events and conflicts - Vietnam War (1962-1973) causes

NV tried to unify Vietnam under communist, SV resisted, AUS feared domino theory

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Key events and conflicts - Vietnam War (1962-1973) course

AUS sent advisors in 1962, combat troops from 1965, and National Service conscripts 1965-72, focused on counter-insurgence and supporting SV forces

AUS INVOLVEMENT IN COLD WAR IN ASIA

Key events and conflicts - Vietnam War (1962-1973) outcomes

AUS combat troops withdrew 1972, conflict ended with NV victory 1972, 521 AUS troops killed, 3000 wounded, highly controversial in AUS sparking massive protests and divided public opinion, highlighted limits of forward defense strategy and costs of Cold War conflict