Special Theory of Relativity Exam Preparation

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms associated with the Special Theory of Relativity, aimed at aiding in exam preparation.

Special Theory of Relativity

Einstein's theory that describes the relationship between space and time and introduces the concept that the laws of physics are the same for all observers regardless of their relative motion.

Time Dilation

A difference in the elapsed time measured by two observers, due to a relative difference in velocity or gravitational field.

Length Contraction

The phenomenon where an object moving at a relativistic speed is measured to be shorter in the direction of motion than when at rest.

Einstein's Postulates

Two key principles: the laws of physics are invariant in all inertial frames of reference, and the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and independent of the motion of the light source.

Lorentz Transformation

A set of equations in special relativity that relate the space and time coordinates of two observers in uniform relative motion.

Twin Paradox

A thought experiment in special relativity where one twin travels at relativistic speeds and returns younger than the twin who stayed on Earth.

Relativistic Mass

The increase of an object's mass as its velocity approaches the speed of light, making it require more energy to accelerate.

Energy Equivalence

Described by Einstein's equation E=mc², it means mass can be converted into energy and vice versa.

Doppler Effect in Relativity

The change in frequency or wavelength of light from a moving source relative to an observer.

Causality in Physics

The relationship between causes and effects; in relativity, it is crucial that causality is maintained among events.