Cell phys exam 1

Whats the percentage of blood of total body weight?

8 percent

Conversion for kg to lbs

1 kg = 2.2 lbs

Intracellular fluid percentage

40

Water percentage total body mass

60

Extracellular total body mass percentage

20

two types of extracellular fluid

interstitial and intravascular

interstitial body mass percentage

15

intravascular body mass percentage

5

Blood density

1 kg = 1 L

What slows down diffusion?

higher viscosity, lower temperature, larger size

What speeds up diffusion?

lower viscosity, high temperatures, smaller sizes

Covalent bonds

Sharing electrons. Strongest and most stable bonds. Formed/broken with enzymes. Direct substantial energy cost. Applications include for structural activity, information storage (DNA/RNA), and energy storage

Non covalent bonds

Readily formed and broken. Affected by temperature, pressure, etc. Non enzymatic aka spontaneous. Minimal direct energy cost. Applications include ligand/receptor and enzyme/substrate.

What is the relationship of diffusion between time and distance?

Diffusion time increases with the square of distance

How does concentration and volume show up on a graph?

Always curved as an inverse relationship

What happens to the concentration when you increase the volume by adding solvent?

Concentration decreases

What happens to the concentration when you increase the solute?

Concentration increases

What kinds of molecules are most easily diffuse across a cell membrane?

Small, nonpolar, and noncharged

How to convert weight to mass

Just go from lbs to kg

Intravascular volume is the same as and what percent is it?

Plasma volume which is 5 percent

Blood plasma pH

7.35-7.45

What happens to energy when you break a bond?

Need energy input

What happens with energy when you form a bond?

Releases energy

Covalent bond electrons

sharing electrons

ionic bonds electrons

transfers electons

Ionic bonds stability

strong in vacuum or air but weak in aqueous solutions

Covalent bond equal sharing forms what type of molecule?

Non-polar for example oxygen bonded to oxygen

Covalent bond unequal sharing forms what type of molecule?

Polar structure called a dipole like water

Carbon covalent bonds

Can form a multitude of bond types including bonding to self. Can be rotationally free or rotationally constrained causing a kink.

Water is what type of fluid?

structured

What will water molecules do around ions?

Form shields

More hydrogen bonds does what to the energy level of a system?

lower energy level

Water does what with polar molecules (ie sugar)?

attracts/interacts

Water does what with nonpolar molecules?

Expels and the molecules coalesce (Ie segregates fats)

Glutamine can form into what other amino acid?

glutamic acid

Smallest amino acid

Glycine

Largest amino acid

tryptophan

2nd largest amino acid

phenylalanine

Basic side chains

accept H+ cationic

Basic side chain examples

lysine arginine histidine

uncharged polar side chain examples

asparagine glutamine serine thereonine tyrosine

acidic side chains

donate H+ at physiological pH

Acidic side chain examples

aspartic acid and glutamic acid

Nonpolar side chains

don’t like water and coalesce in water

What is significant about proline?

technically an imino acid and has a kink due to N bond

Methodine significance

AUG first start codons codes for it

Important neurotransmitter amino acids are

Glycine- inhibitor

Histadine- decarboxylases to histamine for inflammation

Trytophanon- can become seratonin

Tyrosine-can form DOPA and T3/T4 and epinephrine etc

glutamic acid- sensory and can become GABA

Phenylanine- can form tyrosine

What two amino acids have disulfide bonds?

cytosine and methionine

What is significant about histidine?

pka is similar to body’s pka and can act as a buffer

amino acid pKa targets

serine and threonine

DOPA precurser(s)

phenylanine and tyrosine

GABA precurser

glutaminic acid/ glutamine

cubic centimeter to mL

1 cm³ = 1 ml

inch to centimeter conversion

1 inch = 2.54 cm

Cylinder volume formula

V=(3.14)r²h

oz to ml conversion

1ml=0.034oz

amount equation

amount = concentration x volume